ASTM-D7206 2012(Redline)

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D7206/D7206M-06(2012)e1 Standard Guide for Cyclic Deactivation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts with Metals (Redline)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASTM	2012	6

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Description

Significance and Use

This guide describes techniques of deactivation that can be used to compare a series of cracking catalysts at equilibrium conditions or to simulate the equilibrium conditions of a specific commercial unit and a specific catalyst.

1. Scope

1.1 This guide covers the deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst in the laboratory as a precursor to small scale performance testing. FCC catalysts are deactivated in the laboratory in order to simulate the aging that occurs during continuous use in a commercial fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Deactivation for purposes of this guide constitutes hydrothermal deactivation of the catalyst and metal poisoning by nickel and vanadium. Hydrothermal treatment is used to simulate the physical changes that occur in the FCC catalyst through repeated regeneration cycles. Hydrothermal treatment (steaming) destabilizes the faujasite (zeolite Y), resulting in reduced crystallinity and surface area. Further decomposition of the crystalline structure occurs in the presence of vanadium, and to a lesser extent in the presence of nickel. Vanadium is believed to form vanadic acid in a hydrothermal environment resulting in destruction of the zeolitic portion of the catalyst. Nickel ’ s principle effect is to poison the selectivity of the FCC catalyst. Hydrogen and coke production is increased in the presence of nickel, due to the dehydrogenation activity of the metal. Vanadium also exhibits significant dehydrogenation activity, the degree of which can be influenced by the oxidation and reduction conditions prevailing throughout the deactivation process. The simulation of the metal effects that one would see commercially is part of the objective of deactivating catalysts in the laboratory.

1.2 The two basic approaches to laboratory-scale simulation of commercial equilibrium catalysts described in this guide are as follows:

1.2.1 Cyclic Propylene Steaming (CPS) Method , in which the catalyst is impregnated with the desired metals via an incipient wetness procedure (Mitchell method) followed by a prescribed steam deactivation.

1.2.2 Crack-on Methods , in which fresh catalyst is subjected to a repetitive sequence of cracking (using a feed with enhanced metals concentrations), stripping, and regeneration in the presence of steam. Two specific procedures are presented here, a procedure with alternating metal deposition and d

Additional information

Standard Title	D7206/D7206M-06(2012)e1 Standard Guide for Cyclic Deactivation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts with Metals (Redline)
Published Code	ASTM
Publication Date	2012
Pages Count	6

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ASTM-D7206 2012(Redline)

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