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BS EN 60079-29-2:2015

$215.11

Explosive atmospheres – Gas detectors. Selection, installation, use and maintenance of detectors for flammable gases and oxygen

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2015 120
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This part of IEC 60079‑29 gives guidance on, and recommended practice for, the selection, installation, safe use and maintenance of electrically operated Group II equipment intended for use in industrial and commercial safety applications and Group I equipment in underground coal mines for the detection and measurement of flammable gases complying with the requirements of IEC 60079‑29‑1 or IEC 60079‑29‑4 .

This standard is applicable for oxygen measurement for the purpose of inertisation where explosion protection is provided by the exclusion of oxygen instead of measuring the flammable gases or vapours present. A similar application is measuring oxygen when inertising a goaf (mined out) area in an underground coal mine.

This standard is a compilation of practical knowledge to assist the user, and applies to equipment, instruments and systems that indicate the presence of a flammable or potentially explosive mixture of gas or vapour with air by using an electrical signal from a gas sensor to produce a meter reading, to activate a visual or audible pre-set alarm or other device, or any combination of these.

Such equipment may be used as a means of reducing the risk whenever there is the possibility of a risk to life or property specifically due to the accumulation of a flammable gas-air mixture, by providing such warnings. It may also be used to initiate specific safety precautions (e.g. plant shutdown, evacuation, fire extinguishing procedures).

This standard is applicable to fixed installations and transportable equipment. Similarly it is applicable to the safe use of portable equipment. Since much modern equipment of this type also includes oxygen deficiency detection and/or specific toxic gas sensors, some additional guidance is given for these topics.

For the purposes of this standard, except where specifically stated otherwise, flammable gases include flammable vapours.

Mists are not covered by this standard due to measurement techniques currently used.

This standard applies to Group II equipment (i.e. equipment intended for use in industrial and commercial safety applications, involving areas classified in accordance with IEC 60079‑10‑1 ) and Group I equipment.

For the purposes of this standard, equipment includes

  1. fixed equipment including equipment mounted on a vehicle;

  2. transportable equipment; and

  3. portable equipment.

This standard is not intended to cover, but may provide useful information, for the following:

  1. equipment intended only for the detection of non-flammable toxic gases;

  2. equipment of laboratory or scientific type intended only for analysis or measurement purposes;

  3. equipment intended only for process control applications;

  4. equipment intended for applications in explosives processing and manufacture;

  5. equipment intended for the detection of a explosive atmosphere resulting from dust or mist in air.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
6 CONTENTS
12 FOREWORD
15 INTRODUCTION
16 Tables
Table 1 – Typical Tasks and Most Relevant Causes
17 1 Scope
18 2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Gas properties and other physics
20 3.2 Types of equipment
22 3.3 Sensors and detectors
23 3.4 Supply of gas to instruments
3.5 Signals and alarms
24 3.6 Times, checks and equipment behaviour
25 3.7 Terms exclusive to open path equipment
27 4 Basic information on the properties, behaviour, gases and vapours, and specific applications of gas detection
4.1 Detecting gases and vapours
4.1.1 General
28 4.1.2 Safety when monitoring for flammable gases where personnel could be present
29 4.2 Some common properties of gases and vapours
30 4.3 The differences between detecting gases and vapours
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Detection of gases
32 4.3.3 Detection of vapours
35 4.4 Oxygen deficiency
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Chemical reaction of oxygen, with solid products
4.4.3 Chemical reaction of oxygen, with gaseous products
36 4.4.4 Dilution of the air by displacement by some other gas or vapour
4.5 Specific applications of gas detection
4.5.1 Gas detection as means of reducing risk of explosion
39 4.5.2 Gas free work permit
40 4.5.3 Monitoring of air inlets
4.6 Specific considerations for open path detection
41 5 Measuring principles
5.1 General
Figures
Figure 1 – Integral concentration over the path length
Figure 2 – Average concentration over the path length
42 Table 2 – Overview of gas detection equipment with different measuring principles
43 5.2 Catalytic sensors
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Common applications
5.2.3 Limitations
44 5.2.4 Interferences
5.2.5 Poisoning
45 5.3 Thermal conductivity sensors
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Common applications
5.3.3 Limitations
5.3.4 Interferences
5.3.5 Poisoning
5.4 Infrared sensors
5.4.1 General
46 5.4.2 Common applications
5.4.3 Limitations
5.4.4 Interferences
5.4.5 Poisoning
47 5.5 Semiconductor sensors
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Common applications
5.5.3 Limitations
5.5.4 Interferences
5.5.5 Poisoning
48 5.6 Electrochemical sensors
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Common applications
5.6.3 Limitations
5.6.4 Interferences
5.6.5 Poisoning
49 5.7 Flame ionization detectors (FID)
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Common applications
5.7.3 Limitations
5.7.4 Interferences
5.7.5 Poisoning
5.8 Flame temperature analysers (FTA)
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Common applications
50 5.8.3 Limitations
5.8.4 Interferences
5.8.5 Poisoning
5.9 Photo ionisation detector (PID)
5.9.1 General
5.9.2 Common applications
5.9.3 Limitations
5.9.4 Interferences
51 5.9.5 Poisoning
5.10 Paramagnetic oxygen detector
5.10.1 General
5.10.2 Common applications
5.10.3 Limitations
5.10.4 Interference
5.10.5 Poisoning
6 Selection of equipment
6.1 General
52 6.2 Selection criteria
6.2.1 General criteria
53 6.2.2 Gases to be detected by the equipment
54 6.2.3 Application of fixed equipment
58 6.2.4 Application of transportable and portable equipment
59 6.3 Miscellaneous factors affecting selection of equipment
6.3.1 Electromagnetic immunity
6.3.2 Intended Zone(s) of use
7 Behaviour of gas releases
7.1 Nature of a release
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Release rate of gas or vapour
60 7.1.3 Flammable limits
7.1.4 Ventilation
7.1.5 Relative density of the released gas or vapour
61 7.1.6 Temperature and/or pressure
7.1.7 Other parameters to be considered
7.1.8 Outdoor sites and open structures
7.2 Buildings and enclosures
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Unventilated buildings and enclosures
62 7.2.3 Ventilated buildings and enclosures
63 7.3 Environmental considerations
8 Design and installation of fixed gas detection systems
8.1 General
8.2 Basic considerations for the installation of fixed systems
8.2.1 General
64 8.2.2 Point detection equipment and remote sensors
8.2.3 Systems consisting of sampling equipment
65 8.2.4 Open path (line of sight) equipment
8.3 Location of detection points
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 General site considerations
66 8.3.3 Environmental conditions
69 8.4 Access for calibration and maintenance
8.5 Additional considerations for sample lines
70 8.6 Additional considerations for open path equipment
8.7 Summary of considerations for the location of measuring points and open paths
71 8.8 Installation of measuring point and open path equipment
8.9 Integrity and safety of fixed systems
8.9.1 General
72 8.9.2 Redundancy in fixed systems
8.9.3 Protection against loss of main power supply
8.10 Timing of installation during construction operations
8.11 Commissioning
8.11.1 Inspection
73 8.11.2 Initial gas calibration
8.11.3 Adjustment of alarm set points
74 8.12 Operating instructions, plans and records
9 Use of portable and transportable flammable gas detection equipment
9.1 General
75 9.2 Initial and periodic check procedures for portable and transportable instrumentation
9.2.1 General
76 9.2.2 Inspection and functional checks
77 9.2.3 Routine tests and recalibration
9.2.4 Maintenance and recalibration
78 9.3 Guidance on the use of portable and transportable equipment
9.3.1 Electrical safety in hazardous atmospheres
9.3.2 Safety of personnel
79 9.3.3 Spot tests and sampling
9.3.4 Sampling above liquids
9.3.5 Avoidance of condensation
9.3.6 Poisoning of sensors
80 9.3.7 Changes of temperature
9.3.8 Accidental damage
9.3.9 Minimalist operation, the “Read and run” concept
10 Training of operational personnel
10.1 General
81 10.2 General training – Basic limitations and safety
10.3 Operator training
82 10.4 Maintenance training
11 Maintenance, routine procedures and general administrative control
11.1 General
84 11.2 Operational checks
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Fixed systems
85 11.2.3 Portable and transportable gas detection equipment
11.3 Maintenance
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Fixed equipment
86 11.3.3 Portable and transportable gas detection equipment
11.3.4 Off-site maintenance, general
11.3.5 Maintenance procedures
11.4 Sensors
11.4.1 General
87 11.4.2 Flame arrestor
11.5 Flow systems
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Inspection
11.5.3 Filters, traps and flame arrestors
11.5.4 Flow system and sample chamber
11.5.5 Flow connections
11.5.6 Moving parts
11.5.7 Automatic sample-draw systems
11.5.8 Loss-of-flow signals
11.6 Readout devices
11.6.1 General
88 11.6.2 Other readouts
11.7 Alarms
11.8 Calibration
11.8.1 Calibration kits and test equipment
89 11.8.2 Calibration procedure
91 Annexes
Annex A (normative) Measuring principles
A.1 General
92 Table A.1 – Overview of gas detection equipment with different measuring principles
93 A.2 Catalytic sensors
A.2.1 General
94 A.2.2 Common applications
A.2.3 Limitations
A.2.4 Interferences
95 A.2.5 Poisoning
96 A.3 Thermal conductivity sensors
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Common applications
97 A.3.3 Limitations
A.3.4 Interferences
A.3.5 Poisoning
A.4 Infrared sensors
A.4.1 General
99 A.4.2 Common applications
100 A.4.3 Limitations
A.4.4 Interferences
101 A.4.5 Poisoning
A.5 Semi-conductor sensors
A.5.1 General
A.5.2 Common applications
A.5.3 Limitations
102 A.5.4 Interferences
A.5.5 Poisoning
A.6 Electrochemical sensors
A.6.1 General
103 A.6.2 Common applications
A.6.3 Limitations
104 A.6.4 Interferences
A.6.5 Poisoning
105 A.7 Flame ionization detectors (FID)
A.7.1 General
106 A.7.2 Common applications
A.7.3 Limitations
A.7.4 Interferences
A.7.5 Poisoning
107 A.8 Flame temperature analysers (FTA)
A.8.1 General
A.8.2 Common applications
A.8.3 Limitations
A.8.4 Interferences
A.8.5 Poisoning
108 A.9 Photo ionisation detector (PID)
A.9.1 General
A.9.2 Common applications
109 A.9.3 Limitations
A.9.4 Interferences
A.9.5 Poisoning
A.10 Paramagnetic oxygen detector
A.10.1 General
110 A.10.2 Common applications
A.10.3 Limitations
A.10.4 Interference
A.10.5 Poisoning
111 Annex B (informative) Environmental parameters
Table B.1 – Environmental parameters
112 Annex C (informative) Typical environmental and application check-listfor flammable gas detectors (for both Group I and Group II equipment)
114 Annex D (informative) Typical instrument maintenance record for flammable gas detectors
116 Annex E (informative) Atmospheric visibility
117 Bibliography
BS EN 60079-29-2:2015
$215.11