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BS ISO 2889:2021

BS ISO 2889:2021

$215.11

Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 124
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This document sets forth performance-based criteria and recommendations for the design and use of systems for sampling of airborne radioactive materials in the effluent air from the ducts and stacks of nuclear facilities.

The requirements and recommendations of this document are aimed at sampling that is conducted for regulatory compliance and system control. If existing air-sampling systems are not designed to the performance requirements and recommendations of this document, an evaluation of the performance of the system is advised. If deficiencies are discovered, a determination of whether or not a retrofit is needed and practicable is recommended.

It can be impossible to meet the requirements of this document in all conditions with a sampling system designed for normal operations only. Under off-normal conditions, the criteria or recommendations of this document still apply. However, for accident conditions, special accident air sampling systems or measurements can be used.

This document does not address outdoor air sampling, radon measurements, or the surveillance of airborne radioactive substances in the workplace of nuclear facilities.

NOTE

Reference [ 1] addresses the instrumentation that is frequently used in nuclear air monitoring. Reference [ 5] addresses air sampling in the workplace of nuclear facilities. References [ 6] and [ 7] describe the performance characteristics of air monitors.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 Foreword
8 Introduction
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
18 4 Symbols
22 5 Factors impacting the sampling program
23 6 Sample extraction locations
6.1 General
6.2 General requirements for sample extraction locations
24 6.3 Criteria for the homogeneity of the air stream at sampling locations
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Angular or cyclonic flow
6.3.3 Air velocity profile
6.3.4 Gas concentration profile
25 6.3.5 Particle concentration profile
6.3.6 Summary of recommendations for locations to extract samples from a well-mixed air stream
26 7 Sampling system design
7.1 General
7.2 Volumetric flow measurement
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Emission stream flow measurement
27 7.2.3 Sample air flow rate and volume measurement
28 7.2.4 Leak checks
7.3 Nozzle design and operation for extracting aerosol particles
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Nozzle performance
29 7.3.3 Application and performance considerations
7.3.4 Sampling probes with multiple-inlet nozzles
30 7.3.5 Materials of construction
7.3.6 Maintenance
7.3.7 New concepts
7.4 Sample transport for particles
7.4.1 General
31 7.4.2 Depositional losses
7.4.3 Corrosion
7.4.4 Electrostatic effects and flexible tubes
32 7.4.5 Smoothness of internal surfaces
7.4.6 Condensation
7.4.7 Cleaning transport lines
33 7.5 Gas and vapour sample extraction and transport
7.6 Collection of particle samples
7.6.1 General
34 7.6.2 Filter media
7.7 Collection of gas and vapour samples
7.7.1 General
35 7.7.2 Sampling with retention of specific constituents
7.7.3 Sampling without constituent separation
36 7.8 Evaluation and upgrading of existing systems
7.9 Summary of performance criteria and recommendations
37 8 Quality assurance and quality control
39 Annex A (informative) Techniques for measurement of flow rate through a stack or duct
44 Annex B (informative) Modelling of particle losses in transport systems
54 Annex C (informative) Special considerations for the extraction, transport and sampling of radioiodine
58 Annex D (informative) Optimizing the selection of filters for sampling airborne radioactive particles
63 Annex E (informative) Evaluating the errors and the uncertainty for the sampling of effluent gases
73 Annex F (informative) Mixing demonstration and sampling system performance verification
81 Annex G (informative) Transuranic aerosol particulate characteristics —Implications for extractive sampling in nuclear facility effluents
85 Annex H (informative) Tritium sampling and detection
88 Annex I (informative) Action levels
95 Annex J (informative) Quality assurance
99 Annex K (informative) Carbon-14 sampling and detection
102 Annex L (informative) Factors impacting sampling system design
108 Annex M (informative) Sampling nozzles and probes
116 Annex N (informative) Stack or duct sampling and analysis for 106Ru
117 Bibliography

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BS ISO 2889:2021
$215.11