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ANSI / IES RP-22 Tunnel Lighting 2011

ANSI / IES RP-22 Tunnel Lighting 2011

$31.85

ANSI / IES RP-22 Tunnel Lighting

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IES 2011 51
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Cover
2 Copyright
4 Committee
5 Contents
8 1.0 Introduction
1.1 What is new in RP-22-2011
2.0 Definition of Terms
2.1 Definition of a Tunnel
2.2 Divided and Undivided Tunnels
2.3 Underpasses
9 2.4 Tunnel Topology
2.4.1 Fixation Point
2.4.2 Approach
2.4.3 Adaptation Point
2.4.4 Adaptation Distance
2.4.5 Portal
2.4.6 Threshold Zone
2.4.7 Transition Zone
2.4.8 Interior Zone
2.4.9 Exit Lighting
10 3.0 Traffic and Roadway Geometry
3.1 Traffic
3.2 Divided and Undivided Structures
4.0 Visibility at the Tunnel Approach
4.1 General
11 4.2 Traffic Speed
4.3 Night Adaptation
5.0 Eye Adaptation at the Tunnel Approach
5.1 General
5.2 Solar and Tunnel Orientation
5.3 Sky
12 5.4 Daylight Contribution
5.5 Exterior Surface Luminance
13 6.0 Lighting Design Criteria
6.1 General
14 6.2 Threshold Zone Lighting Requirements
6.3 Assessment of Major Factors Influencing Lighting Design Criteria
6.4 Method of Determination of Luminance Levels
15 6.4.1 Luminance Values in Threshold Zone – Table Method
6.4.2 Luminance Values in Threshold Zone – Lseq Method
18 6.4.3 Threshold and Transition Zones
20 6.4.4 Tunnel Interior Zone
6.4.5 Nighttime Luminance
6.4.6 Non-Roadway Surface Illumination
21 6.4.7 Uniformity Ratios
22 6.5 Flicker Effect
6.6 Switching Steps in Threshold and Transition Zones
6.7 Emergency Lighting
23 7.0 Light Application Techniques
7.1 Symmetrical Light Distribution
7.2 Asymmetrical Light Distribution – Negative Contrast (ALD-NC)
7.3 Asymmetrical Light Distribution – Positive Contrast (ALD-PC)
7.4 Wide and Narrow Tunnels
8.0 Architecture and Materials
8.1 General
8.2 Pavement
24 8.3 The Portal and its Surrounding Area
8.4 Architectural Features
8.5 Reflective Characteristics of Road, Wall and Ceiling Materials
9.0 Lighting and Electrical Equipment
9.1 Light Sources
25 9.1.1 Fluorescent
9.1.2 Low Pressure Sodium (LPS)
9.1.3 High Pressure Sodium (HPS)
9.1.4 Metal Halide (MH)
26 9.1.5 Other Light Sources
9.2 Equipment and Luminaires
9.3 Electric Power Supply and Distribution
9.4 Measurement, Control and Switching Systems
27 10.0 Lighting System Economics
10.1 General
10.2 Initial Cost
10.3 Life-Cycle Economic Analysis
28 11.0 Maintenance Considerations
11.1 General
11.2 Lamp Lumen Depreciation
11.3 Lamp Burnout Factor (BOF)
29 11.4 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD)
11.5 Equipment Factors (EF)
11.5.1 Ambient Temperature
11.5.2 Voltage
11.5.3 Ballast and Lamp Factor
11.5.4 Luminaire Component Depreciation
11.6 Maintenance of the Photocontrols
11.7 Tunnel Surface Reflectance Depreciation
30 11.7.1 Selection of Tunnel Surface Reflectance
11.7.2 Reflectance Depreciation
11.8 Luminaire Cleaning, Relamping and Replacement
11.8.1 Luminaire Cleaning
11.8.2 Relamping
11.8.3 Luminaire Replacement
11.9 Other Factors
31 11.9.1 Pavement Reflectance
11.9.2 Other Reflection Characteristics
11.9.3 Physical Geometry
11.9.4 Errors
References
32 Additional Suggested Reading
Glossary
37 Annex A Calculation and Field Verification Methods
44 Annex B Contrast Method for Determining Threshold Lighting
46 Annex C Calculation of Tunnel Wall Luminance Using Bi-Directional Reflectance Factors (BRDF) for Typical Materials Used for Tunnel Walls
48 Annex D Evaluation of Lseq – Correct Use of a Camera From: CIE 88:2004 Edited For RP-22
49 Annex E Conversions, Acronyms and Symbols

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