{"id":169481,"date":"2024-10-19T10:24:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T10:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ashrae-hvacsystemsandequipment-ip-2016\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T02:35:27","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T02:35:27","slug":"ashrae-hvacsystemsandequipment-ip-2016","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ashrae\/ashrae-hvacsystemsandequipment-ip-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"ASHRAE HVACSystemsandEquipment IP 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"

The 2016 ASHRAE Handbook–HVAC Systems and Equipment discusses various systems and the equipment (components or assemblies) they comprise, and describes features and differences. This information helps system designers and operators in selecting and using equipment.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nI-P_S2016 FrontCover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nI-P_S2016 FrontMatter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nDedicated To The Advancement Of
The Profession And Its Allied Industries
DISCLAIMER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch01
1. Selecting a System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nAdditional Goals
System Constraints
Constructability Constraints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nNarrowing the Choices
Selection Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n2. HVAC Systems and Equipment
Decentralized System Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nCentralized System Characteristics
Air Distribution Systems
Primary Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nRefrigeration Equipment
Heating Equipment
Air Delivery Equipment
3. Space Requirements
Equipment Rooms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nFan Rooms
Horizontal Distribution
Vertical Shafts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nRooftop Equipment
Equipment Access
4. Air Distribution
Air Terminal Units
Duct Insulation
Ceiling and Floor Plenums
5. Pipe Distribution
Pipe Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nPipe Insulation
6. Security
7. Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems
8. Maintenance Management System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n9. Building System Commissioning
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch02
1. System Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n2. Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n3. Window-Mounted and Through-the- Wall Room HVAC Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n4. Water-Source Heat Pump Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n5. Multiple-Unit Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n6. Residential and Light Commercial Split Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n7. Commercial Self-Contained (Floor- by-Floor) Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n8. Commercial Outdoor Packaged Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n9. Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems
10. Maintenance Management
11. Building System Commissioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch03
1. System Characteristics
Advantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nDisadvantages
2. Design Considerations
Cooling and Heating Loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nSystem Flow Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nEnergy Recovery and Thermal Storage
3. Equipment
Primary Refrigeration Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nAncillary Refrigeration Equipment
Primary Heating Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nAncillary Heating Equipment
4. Distribution Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n5. Sound, Vibration, Seismic, and Wind Considerations
Sound and Vibration
Seismic and Wind Issues
6. Space Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nLocation of Central Plant and Equipment
Central Plant Security <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n7. Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems
Instrumentation
8. Maintenance Management Systems
9. Building System Commissioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch04
Advantages
Disadvantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nHeating and Cooling Calculations
Zoning
Space Heating
Air Temperature Versus Air Quantity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nSpace Pressure
Other Considerations
First, Operating, and Maintenance Costs
Energy in Air Handling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nFig. 1 Typical Air-Handling Unit Configurations
Primary Equipment
Air-Handling Equipment
Central Mechanical Equipment Rooms (MERs)
Decentralized MERs
Fans
Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFig. 2 Direct-Expansion or Chilled-Water Cooling and Dehumidification
Fig. 3 Direct Spray of Water in Airstream Cooling
Fig. 4 Supersaturated Evaporative Cooling
Heating
Fig. 5 Steam, Hot-Water, and Electric Heating, and Direct and Indirect Gas- and Oil-Fired Heat Exchangers
Humidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFig. 6 Direct Spray Humidification
Fig. 7 Steam Injection Humidification
Dehumidification
Fig. 8 Chemical Dehumidification
Air Mixing or Blending
Return Air Fan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nRelief Air Fan
Automatic Dampers
Relief Openings
Return Air Dampers
Outdoor Air Intakes
Economizers
Mixing Plenums <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nStatic Air Mixers
Filter Section
Preheat Coil
Cooling Coil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nReheat Coil
Humidifiers
Dehumidifiers
Energy Recovery Devices
Sound Control Devices
Supply Air Fan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nMiscellaneous Components
Ductwork Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nConstant Volume
Fig. 9 Constant-Volume System with Reheat
Variable Air Volume (VAV)
Fig. 10 Variable-Air-Volume System with Reheat and Induction and Fan-Powered Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nConstant Volume
Fig. 11 Single-Fan, Dual-Duct System
Variable Air Volume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nFig. 12 Dual-Fan, Dual-Duct System
Fig. 13 Multizone System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nPrimary\/Secondary
Fig. 14 Primary\/Secondary System
Dedicated Outdoor Air
Underfloor Air Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nFig. 15 Underfloor Air Distribution
Wetted Duct\/Supersaturated
Fig. 16 Supersaturated\/Wetted Coil
Compressed-Air and Water Spray <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nLow-Temperature
Smoke Control
Constant-Volume Reheat
Variable Air Volume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nTerminal Humidifiers
Terminal Filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch05
1. System Characteristics
Advantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nDisadvantages
Heating and Cooling Calculations
Space Heating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nCentral (Primary-Air) Ventilation Systems
Central Plant Sizing
Building Pressurization
First, Operating, and Maintenance Costs
Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nLife-Cycle Costs
2. System Components and Configurations
Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nConfigurations
3. Secondary-Water Distribution
4. Piping Arrangements
Four-Pipe Distribution
Two-Pipe Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nThree-Pipe Distribution
Condenser Water Systems with Heat Pump Terminal Units
5. Fan-Coil Unit and Unit Ventilator Systems
Types and Location <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nVentilation Air Requirements
Selection
Wiring
Condensate
Capacity Control
Maintenance
6. Variable-Refrigerant-Flow (VRF) Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n7. Chilled-Beam Systems
Types and Location
Ventilation Air Requirements
Selection
Wiring
Condensate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nCapacity Control
Maintenance
Other Concerns
8. Radiant-Panel Heating Systems
Types and Location
Ventilation Air Requirements
Selection
Wiring
Capacity Control
Maintenance
9. Radiant-Floor Heating Systems
Types and Location <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nVentilation Air Requirements
Selection
Wiring
Capacity Control
Maintenance
10. Induction Unit Systems
11. Supplemental Heating Units
12. Primary-Air Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n13. Performance Under Varying Load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n14. Changeover Temperature
15. Two-Pipe Systems with Central Ventilation
Critical Design Elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nChangeover Temperature Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nNonchangeover Design
Zoning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nRoom Control
Evaluation
Electric Heat for Two-Pipe Systems
16. Four-Pipe Systems
Zoning
Room Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nEvaluation
17. Automatic Controls and Building Management Systems
18. Maintenance Management Systems and Building System Commissioning
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch06
1. PRINCIPLES OF RADIANT SYSTEMS
Special Cases
3.2 Embedded Systems with Tubing in Ceilings, Walls, or Floors
4. DESIGN PROCEDURE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n1.1 Heat Transfer
Heat Transfer by Thermal Radiation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nHeat Transfer by Natural Convection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nCombined Heat Flux (Thermal Radiation and Natural Convection) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n1.2 Factors Affecting Heat Transfer
Panel Thermal Resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nEffect of Floor Coverings
Panel Heat Losses or Gains <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nPanel Performance
1.3 Panel Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nExamples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n2. General Design Considerations
2.1 Hybrid Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n3. RADIANT HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS
3.1 Hydronic Ceiling Panels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nHydronic Wall Panels
Hydronic Floor Panels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n3.3 Electrically Heated Radiant Systems
Electric Ceiling Panels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nElectric Wall Heating
Electric Floor Heating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nSensible Cooling
Sensible Heating
Other Steps Common for Sensible Heating and Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\n4.1 Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nSensible Cooling Controls
Heating Slab Controls
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch07 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n1. Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n2. CHP System Concepts
2.1 Custom-Engineered Systems
2.2 Packaged and Modular Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n2.3 Load Profiling and Prime Mover Selection
2.4 Peak Load Shaving
2.5 Continuous-Duty Standby <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\n2.6 Power Plant Incremental Heat Rate
3. Performance Parameters
3.1 Heating Value
3.2 CHP Electric Effectiveness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nPower and Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n3.3 Fuel Energy Savings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n4. Fuel-to-Power Components
4.1 Reciprocating Engines
Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nPerformance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nFuels and Fuel Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nCombustion Air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\nLubricating Systems
Starting Systems
Cooling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\nExhaust Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nEmissions
Instruments and Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nNoise and Vibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\nInstallation Ventilation Requirements
Operation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\n4.2 Combustion Turbines
Types
Advantages
Disadvantages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\nGas Turbine Cycle
Components
4.3 Performance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\nFuels and Fuel Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nCombustion Air
Lubricating Systems
Starting Systems
Exhaust Systems
Emissions
Instruments and Controls
Noise and Vibration
Operation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\n4.4 Fuel Cells
Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\n5. Thermal-to-Power Components
5.1 Steam Turbines
Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\nPerformance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\nFuel Systems
Lubricating Oil Systems
Power Systems
Exhaust Systems
Instruments and Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nOperation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\n5.2 Organic Rankine Cycles
5.3 Expansion Engines\/Turbines
5.4 Stirling Engines
Types
Performance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\nFuel Systems
Power Systems
Exhaust Systems
Coolant Systems
Operation and Maintenance
6. Thermal-to-Thermal Components
6.1 Thermal Output Characteristics
Reciprocating Engines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nCombustion Turbines
6.2 Heat Recovery
Reciprocating Engines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nCombustion Turbines
Steam Turbines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\n6.3 Thermally Activated Technologies
Heat-Activated Chillers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\nDesiccant Dehumidification
Hot Water and Steam Heat Recovery
Thermal Energy Storage Technologies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\n7. Electrical Generators and Components
7.1 Generators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\n8. System Design
8.1 CHP Electricity-Generating Systems
Thermal Loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\nPrime Mover Selection
Air Systems
Hydronic Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nService Water Heating
District Heating and Cooling
Utility Interfacing
Power Quality
Output Energy Streams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\n8.2 CHP Shaft-Driven HVAC and Refrigeration Systems
Engine-Driven Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nCombustion-Turbine-Driven Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
142<\/td>\nSteam-Turbine-Driven Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\n9. Codes and Installation
9.1 General Installation Parameters
9.2 Utility Interconnection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\n9.3 Air Permits
9.4 Building, Zoning, and Fire Codes
Zoning
Building Code\/Structural Design
Mechanical\/Plumbing Code
Fire Code
Electrical Connection
10. Economic Evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\nCHP Application Assessment
Types and Scope of CHP Studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\nCHP System Modeling Techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
147<\/td>\nCHP Feasibility Study for New Facilities
Tools and Software for Feasibility Study
10.1 Load Profiles and Load Duration Curves
Load Duration Curve Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\nTwo-Dimensional Load Duration Curve
Analysis by Simulations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
152<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch08 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
153<\/td>\n1. Advantages
Economic Benefits
Environmental Benefits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\n2. Disadvantages
3. Definition and Theory
4. System Types
Evaporative Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\nChiller Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
157<\/td>\nLNG Vaporization Systems
Hybrid Systems
5. Calculation of Power Capacity Enhancement and Economics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
159<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
161<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch09
1. TERMINOLOGY
2. APPLIED HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\n2.1 Heat Pump Cycles
2.2 Heat Sources and Sinks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\n2.3 Types of Heat Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\n2.4 Heat Pump Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\n2.5 Industrial Process Heat Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\n3. APPLIED HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS
3.1 Waste Heat Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
178<\/td>\n3.2 Water-Loop Heat Pump Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\n3.3 Balanced Heat Recovery Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\n3.4 Heat Pumps in District Heating and Cooling Systems
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
186<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
187<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch10
1. Components
Heating and Cooling Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
188<\/td>\nDucts
Accessory Equipment
Controls
2. Common System Problems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
189<\/td>\n3. System Design
Estimating Heating and Cooling Loads
Locating Outlets, Returns, Ducts, and Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
190<\/td>\nSelecting Heating and Cooling Equipment
Determining Airflow Requirements
Finalize Duct Design and Size
Selecting Supply and Return Grilles and Registers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
191<\/td>\n4. Detailed Duct Design
Detailing the Duct Configuration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
193<\/td>\nDetailing the Distribution Design
Duct Design Recommendations
Zone Control for Small Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\nDuct Sizing for Zone Damper Systems
Box Plenum Systems Using Flexible Duct
Embedded Loop Ducts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
195<\/td>\n5. Small Commercial Systems
Air Distribution in Small Commercial Buildings
Controlling Airflow in New Buildings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
196<\/td>\n6. Testing for Duct Efficiency
Data Inputs
Data Output
Standards
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
197<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch11
1. Advantages
2. Fundamentals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
201<\/td>\n3. Effects of Water , Air , and Gases
4. Heat Transfer
5. Basic Steam System Design
6. Steam Source <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
202<\/td>\nBoilers
Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Boilers
Heat Exchangers
7. Boiler Connections
Supply Piping
Return Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\n8. Design Steam Pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
204<\/td>\n9. Piping
Supply Piping Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\nTerminal Equipment Piping Design Considerations
Return Piping Design Considerations
10. Condensate Removal from Temperature-Regulated Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
206<\/td>\n11. Steam Traps
Thermostatic Traps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
207<\/td>\nMechanical Traps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
208<\/td>\nKinetic Traps
12. Pressure-Reducing Valves
Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\nValve Size Selection
13. Terminal Equipment
Selection
Natural Convection Units
Forced-Convection Units
14. Convection Steam Heating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\nOne-Pipe Steam Heating Systems
Two-Pipe Steam Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
212<\/td>\n15. Steam Distribution
16. Temperature Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
213<\/td>\n17. Heat Recovery
Flash Steam <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\nDirect Heat Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\n18. Combined Steam and Water Systems
19. Commissioning
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
216<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch12
Applicability
Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\nEnvironmental Benefits
1. SYSTEM MASTER PLANNING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\n1.1 Economic Considerations
Consumer Economics
Producer Economics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\nDistrict Energy Economic Comparison <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
223<\/td>\n2. CENTRAL PLANT
2.1 Heating and Cooling Production
Heating Medium
Steam and Hot Water Generation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
224<\/td>\nChilled-Water Generation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
225<\/td>\nThermal Storage
Auxiliaries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\n2.2 Chilled-Water Distribution Design Considerations
Constant Flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\nVariable Flow
Chilled-Water System Design Guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\n3. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
3.1 Hydraulic Considerations
Objectives of Hydraulic Design
Water Hammer
Pressure Losses
Pipe Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
229<\/td>\nNetwork Calculations
Condensate Drainage and Return in Steam Systems
3.2 Thermal Considerations
Thermal Design Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\nThermal Properties of Pipe Insulation and Soil
3.3 Methods of Heat Transfer Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
231<\/td>\nCalculation of Undisturbed Soil Temperatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
232<\/td>\nConvective Heat Transfer at Ground Surface
Uninsulated Buried Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
233<\/td>\nInsulated Buried Pipe
Buried Pipe in Conduit with Air Space <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
234<\/td>\nBuried Pipe with Composite Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
236<\/td>\nTwo Pipes Buried in Common Conduit with Air Space <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\nTwo Buried Pipes or Conduits
Pipes in Buried Trenches or Tunnels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
239<\/td>\nPipes in Shallow Trenches
Buried Pipes with Other Geometries
Pipes in Air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\nEconomical Thickness for Pipe Insulation
3.4 Expansion Provisions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
241<\/td>\nPipe Supports, Guides, and Anchors
3.5 Distribution System Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
242<\/td>\nPiping Materials and Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
243<\/td>\nAboveground Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\nUnderground Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
246<\/td>\nConduits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
249<\/td>\nCathodic Protection of Direct-Buried Conduits
Leak Detection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250<\/td>\nGeotechnical Considerations
Valve Vaults and Entry Pits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
252<\/td>\n4. CONSUMER INTERCONNECTIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
253<\/td>\n4.1 Direct Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
254<\/td>\n4.2 Indirect Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
255<\/td>\n4.3 Steam Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
257<\/td>\nBuilding Conversion to District Heating
4.4 Components
Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
259<\/td>\nFlow Control Devices
Instrumentation
Controller
Pressure Control Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\nFlow and Energy Metering
4.5 Temperature Differential Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
261<\/td>\n4.6 Operation and Maintenance
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
263<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
265<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch13
1. TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
266<\/td>\n2. CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS
2.1 Method of Design
2.2 Thermal Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
270<\/td>\n2.3 Hydraulic Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
276<\/td>\n2.4 Piping Circuits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
277<\/td>\n2.5 Capacity Control of Load System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
280<\/td>\n2.6 Low-Temperature Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
281<\/td>\n2.7 Chilled-Water Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
283<\/td>\n2.8 Dual-Temperature Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
284<\/td>\n2.9 Other Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
286<\/td>\n2.10 Other Design Procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
287<\/td>\n2.11 Antifreeze Solutions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
289<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch14
1. Once-Through City Water Systems
2. Open Cooling Tower Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
293<\/td>\n3. Low-Temperature (Water Economizer) Systems
4. Closed-Circuit Evaporative Coolers
5. Other Sources of Water
6. Overpressure Caused by Thermal Fluid Expansion
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
294<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch15
1. System Characteristics
2. Basic System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
295<\/td>\n3. Design Considerations
Direct-Fired High-Temperature Water Generators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
296<\/td>\nExpansion and Pressurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
298<\/td>\nDirect-Contact Heaters (Cascades)
System Circulating Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
299<\/td>\n4. Distribution Piping Design
5. Heat Exchangers
6. Air-Heating Coils
7. Space-Heating Equipment
8. Instrumentation and Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
300<\/td>\n9. Water Treatment
10. Heat Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
301<\/td>\n11. Safety Considerations
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
302<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch16
1. Energy Conservation
2. Infrared Energy Sources
Gas Infrared <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
303<\/td>\nElectric Infrared <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
304<\/td>\nOil Infrared <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
305<\/td>\n3. System Efficiency
4. Reflectors
5. Controls
6. Precautions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
306<\/td>\n7. Maintenance
8. Design Considerations for Beam Radiant Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
309<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch17
1. Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
311<\/td>\n2. UVGI Fundamentals
Microbial Dose Response
Susceptibility of Microorganisms to UV Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
312<\/td>\n3. Lamps and Ballasts
Types of UV-C Lamps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
313<\/td>\nUV-C Lamp Ballasts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
314<\/td>\nGermicidal Lamp Cooling and Heating Effects
UV-C Lamp Aging
UV-C Lamp Irradiance
UV-C Photodegradation of Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
316<\/td>\n4. Maintenance
Lamp Replacement
Lamp Disposal
Visual Inspection
5. Safety
Hazards of Ultraviolet Radiation to Humans
Sources of UV Exposure
Exposure Limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
317<\/td>\nUV Radiation Measurements for Upper Air Applications
Safety Design Guidance
Personnel Safety Training <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
318<\/td>\nLamp Breakage
6. Unit Conversions
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
320<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch18 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
322<\/td>\n1. Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
323<\/td>\n2. Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
324<\/td>\n3. VRF System Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
326<\/td>\n7. Commissioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
327<\/td>\n4. Modeling Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
328<\/td>\n5. Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
329<\/td>\n6. VRF System Design Example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
334<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
335<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch19
1. Building Code Requirements
2. Pressure Classifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
336<\/td>\n3. Duct Cleaning
4. HVAC System Leakage
System Sealing
Sealants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
337<\/td>\nLeakage Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
338<\/td>\nResponsibilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
339<\/td>\n5. Air-Handling Unit Leakage
6. Residential and Commercial Duct Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
340<\/td>\nBuildings and Spaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
341<\/td>\nRound, Flat Oval, and Rectangular Ducts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
342<\/td>\nFibrous Glass Ducts
Phenolic Ducts
Flexible Ducts
Hangers and Supports
Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
343<\/td>\nPlenums and Apparatus Casings
Acoustical Treatment
7. Industrial Duct Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
344<\/td>\nMaterials
Round Ducts
Rectangular Ducts
Construction Details
Hangers
8. Antimicrobial-Treated Ducts
9. Duct Construction for Grease- and Moisture-Laden Vapors
Factory-Built Grease Duct Systems
Site-Built Grease Duct Systems
Duct Systems for Moisture-Laden Air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
345<\/td>\n10. Rigid Plastic Ducts
11. Air Dispersion Systems
Dispersion Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
346<\/td>\n12. Underground Ducts
13. Ducts Outside Buildings
14. Seismic Qualification
15. Sheet Metal Welding
16. Thermal Insulation
17. Specifications
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
348<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
349<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch20 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
350<\/td>\nHead A initial – 1. SYSTEM CLASSIFICATIONS
Head B 1 with A Heads cont – 1.1 Fully Mixed Systems
Head C – Factors That Influence Selection
Head C – Outlet Selection Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
351<\/td>\nHead B 1 with A Heads cont – 1.2 Fully Stratified Systems
Head C – Factors that Influence Selection
Head C – Outlet Selection Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
352<\/td>\nHead B 1 with A Heads cont – 1.3 Partially Mixed Systems
Head C – Factors That Influence Selection
Head C – Outlet Selection Procedures
Head A cont – 2. EQUIPMENT
Head B 1 with A Heads cont – 2.1 Supply Air Outlets
Head C – Grilles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
354<\/td>\nHead C – Nozzles
Head C – Diffusers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
355<\/td>\nHead B 1 with A Heads cont – 2.2 Return and Exhaust Air Inlets
Head C – V-Bar Transfer Grilles
Head C – Lightproof Transfer Grilles
Head C – Eggcrate Grilles
Head B 1 with A Heads cont – 2.3 Terminal Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
356<\/td>\nHead C – Single-Duct Terminal Units
Head C – Dual-Duct Terminal Units
Head C – Air-to-Air Induction Terminal Units
Head C – Fan-Powered Terminal Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
357<\/td>\nHead C – Chilled Beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
358<\/td>\nHead C – Fan-Coil Unit Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
360<\/td>\nHead C – Air Curtain Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
361<\/td>\nHead REF – References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
363<\/td>\nHead REF – Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
364<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch21
1. Types of Fans
2. Principles of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
367<\/td>\n3. Testing and Rating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
368<\/td>\n4. Field Testing of Fans for Air Performance
5. Fan Laws
12. Series Fan Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
369<\/td>\n6. Fan and System Pressure Relationships <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
370<\/td>\n7. Temperature Rise Across Fans
8. Duct System Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
371<\/td>\n9. System Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
372<\/td>\n10. Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
373<\/td>\n11. Parallel Fan Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
374<\/td>\n13. Noise
14. Vibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
375<\/td>\nVibration Isolation
15. Arrangement and Installation
16. Fan Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
376<\/td>\n17. Symbols
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
377<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
378<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch22
1. Environmental Conditions
Human Comfort
Prevention and Treatment of Disease
Electronic Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
379<\/td>\nProcess Control and Materials Storage
Static Electricity
Sound Wave Transmission
Miscellaneous <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
380<\/td>\n2. Enclosure Characteristics
Vapor Retarders
Visible Condensation
Concealed Condensation
3. Energy Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
381<\/td>\nLoad Calculations
Design Conditions
Ventilation Rate
Additional Moisture Losses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
382<\/td>\nInternal Moisture Gains
Supply Water for Humidifiers
Scaling
Potential Bacterial Growth
4. Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
383<\/td>\nResidential Humidifiers for Central Air Systems
Residential Humidifiers for Nonducted Applications
Industrial and Commercial Humidifiers for Central Air Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
387<\/td>\nSelecting Humidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
389<\/td>\n5. Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
390<\/td>\nMechanical Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
391<\/td>\nElectronic Controls
Control Location
Management Systems
6. Application Considerations
Humidity Control with Direct Space Humidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
392<\/td>\nHumidity Control with Duct-Mounted Humidification
Humidity Control in Variable-Air-Volume Systems
Commissioning Systems
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
393<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
394<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch23
1. Uses for Coils
2. Coil Construction and Arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
395<\/td>\nWater and Aqueous Glycol Coils
Direct-Expansion Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
396<\/td>\nControl of Coils
Flow Arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
397<\/td>\nApplications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
398<\/td>\n3. Coil Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
399<\/td>\nPerformance and Ratings
4. Airflow Resistance
5. Heat Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
400<\/td>\n6. Performance of Sensible Cooling Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
402<\/td>\n7. Performance of Dehumidifying Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
407<\/td>\n8. Determining Refrigeration Load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
408<\/td>\n9. Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
409<\/td>\n10. Symbols
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
410<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch24
1. Methods of Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
411<\/td>\n2. Desiccant Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
412<\/td>\n2.1 Liquid Desiccant Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
413<\/td>\n2.2 Solid-Sorption Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
414<\/td>\n2.3 Rotary Solid-Desiccant Dehumidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
416<\/td>\n2.4 Equipment Ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
417<\/td>\n2.5 Equipment Operating Recommendations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
419<\/td>\n2.6 Applications for Atmospheric- Pressure Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
421<\/td>\n3. Desiccant Drying at Elevated Pressure
3.1 Equipment Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
422<\/td>\n3.2 Applications
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
423<\/td>\nAdditional Information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
424<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch25
1. Mechanical Dehumidifiers
Psychrometrics of Dehumidification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
425<\/td>\nResidential Dehumidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
427<\/td>\nGeneral-Purpose Dehumidifiers
DX Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
429<\/td>\nIndoor Swimming Pool Dehumidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
431<\/td>\nIce Rink Dehumidifiers
Industrial Dehumidifiers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
432<\/td>\nTunnel Dryer Dehumidifier
2. Controls and Sensors
3. Installation and Service Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
433<\/td>\n4. Wraparound Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
434<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
436<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch26
1. Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
437<\/td>\n2. Basic Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics of Heat Recovery Ventilators
Thermodynamics of Energy Recovery Ventilators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
439<\/td>\nIdeal Air-to-Air Energy Exchange
3. Airflow Arrangements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
440<\/td>\nEffectiveness
Rate of Energy Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
441<\/td>\n4. Additional Technical Considerations
Air Leakage
Air Capacity of Ventilator Fans <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
442<\/td>\nPressure Drop
Maintenance
Filtration
Controls
Fouling
Corrosion
Condensation and Freeze-Up <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
443<\/td>\n5. Performance Ratings
6. Types and Applications of Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers
Fixed-Plate Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
444<\/td>\nRotary Air-to-Air Energy Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
446<\/td>\nSystems with Multiple Energy Recovery Exchangers
Coil Energy Recovery (Runaround) Loops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
447<\/td>\nDesiccant and Heat Wheel Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
449<\/td>\nHeat Pipe Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
451<\/td>\nThermosiphon Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
453<\/td>\nLiquid-Desiccant Cooling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
454<\/td>\nTwin-Tower Enthalpy Recovery Loops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
455<\/td>\nIndirect Evaporative Air Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
456<\/td>\nPrecooling Air Reheaters (Series Application) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
457<\/td>\n7. Comparison of Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
458<\/td>\nCharacterizing System Efficiency of Heat or Energy Recovery Ventilators
Selection of Heat or Energy Recovery Ventilators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
459<\/td>\n8. Economic Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
460<\/td>\n9. Energy and\/or Mass Recovery Calculation Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
464<\/td>\n10. Symbols
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
465<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
467<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch27
1. Coil Construction and Design
Steam Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
468<\/td>\nWater\/Aqueous Glycol Heating Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
469<\/td>\nVolatile Refrigerant Heat Reclaim Coils
Electric Heating Coils
2. Coil Selection
Coil Ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
470<\/td>\nOverall Requirements
3. Installation Guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
471<\/td>\n4. Coil Maintenance
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
472<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch28
1. Unit Ventilators
Application
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
474<\/td>\nControl <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
475<\/td>\n2. Unit Heaters
Application
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
477<\/td>\nControl <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
478<\/td>\nPiping Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
479<\/td>\nMaintenance
3. Makeup Air Units
Description and Applications
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
480<\/td>\nControl
Applicable Codes and Standards
Commissioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
481<\/td>\nMaintenance
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
482<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch29
1. Atmospheric Dust
2. Aerosol Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
483<\/td>\n3. Air-Cleaning Applications
4. Mechanisms of Particle Collection
5. Evaluating Air Cleaners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
484<\/td>\n6. Air Cleaner Test Methods
Arrestance Test
Dust-Holding Capacity (DHC) Test
Particle Size Removal Efficiency (PSE) Test
Other Performance Tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
485<\/td>\nDOP Penetration Test
Leakage (Scan) Tests
Guideline 26-2008 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
486<\/td>\nEnvironmental Tests
AHRI Standards
7. Types of Air Cleaners
8. Filter Types and Performance
Panel Filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
488<\/td>\nElectronic Air Cleaners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
489<\/td>\n9. Selection and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
491<\/td>\nResidential Air Cleaners
VAV Systems
Antimicrobial Treatment of Filter Media
10. Air Cleaner Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
492<\/td>\n11. Safety Considerations
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
493<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
494<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch30
Equipment Selection
1. Regulations and Monitoring
Gas-Cleaning Regulations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
495<\/td>\nMeasuring Gas Streams and Contaminants
Gas Flow Distribution
Monitors and Controls
2. Particulate Contaminant Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
496<\/td>\nCollector Performance
2.1 Mechanical Collectors
Settling Chambers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
497<\/td>\nInertial Collectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
500<\/td>\n2.2 Electrostatic Precipitators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
501<\/td>\nSingle-Stage Designs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
502<\/td>\nTwo-Stage Designs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
503<\/td>\n2.3 Fabric Filters
Principle of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
504<\/td>\nPressure-Volume Relationships
Electrostatic Augmentation
Fabrics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
505<\/td>\nTypes of Self-Cleaning Mechanisms for Fabric Dust Collectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
507<\/td>\n2.4 Granular-Bed Filters
Principle of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
508<\/td>\n2.5 Particulate Scrubbers (Wet Collectors)
Principle of Operation
Spray Towers and Impingement Scrubbers
Centrifugal-Type Collectors
Orifice-Type Collectors
Venturi Scrubber <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
509<\/td>\nElectrostatically Augmented Scrubbers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
510<\/td>\n3. Gaseous Contaminant Control
3.1 Spray Dry Scrubbing
Principle of Operation
Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
511<\/td>\n3.2 Wet-Packed Scrubbers
Scrubber Packings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
512<\/td>\nArrangements of Packed Scrubbers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
513<\/td>\nPressure Drop
Absorption Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
516<\/td>\nGeneral Efficiency Comparisons
Liquid Effects
3.3 Adsorption of Gaseous Contaminants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
517<\/td>\nEquipment for Adsorption
Solvent Recovery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
519<\/td>\nOdor Control
Applications of Fluidized Bed Adsorbers
3.4 Incineration of Gases and Vapors
Thermal Oxidizers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
520<\/td>\nCatalytic Oxidizers
Applications of Oxidizers
Adsorption and Oxidation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
521<\/td>\n4. Auxiliary Equipment
4.1 Ducts
Temperature Controls
Fans
4.2 Dust- and Slurry-Handling Equipment
Hoppers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
522<\/td>\nDust Conveyors
Dust Disposal
Slurry Treatment
5. Operation and Maintenance
Corrosion
Fires and Explosions
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
523<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
524<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch31
1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 Terminology
1.2 System Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
525<\/td>\n1.3 Safety
1.4 Efficiency and Emission Ratings
Steady-State and Cyclic Efficiency
Emissions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
526<\/td>\n2. GAS-BURNING APPLIANCES
2.1 Gas-Fired Combustion Systems
Burners
Combustion System Flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
527<\/td>\nIgnition
Input Rate Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
528<\/td>\n2.2 Residential Appliances
Boilers
Forced-Air Furnaces
Water Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
529<\/td>\nCombination Space- and Water-Heating Appliances
Pool Heaters
Conversion Burners
2.3 Commercial-Industrial Appliances
Boilers
Space Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
530<\/td>\nWater Heaters
Pool Heaters
2.4 Applications
Location
Gas Supply and Piping
Air for Combustion and Ventilation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
531<\/td>\nDraft Control
Venting
Building Depressurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
532<\/td>\nGas Input Rate
Effect of Gas Temperature and Barometric Pressure Changes on Gas Input Rate
Fuel Gas Interchangeability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
533<\/td>\nAltitude <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
534<\/td>\n3. OIL-BURNING APPLIANCES
3.1 Residential Oil Burners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
535<\/td>\n3.2 Commercial\/Industrial Oil Burners
Pressure-Atomizing Oil Burners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
536<\/td>\nReturn-Flow Pressure-Atomizing Oil Burners
Air-Atomizing Oil Burners
Horizontal Rotary Cup Oil Burners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
537<\/td>\nSteam-Atomizing Oil Burners (Register Type)
Mechanical Atomizing Oil Burners (Register Type)
Return-Flow Mechanical Atomizing Oil Burners
3.3 Dual-Fuel Gas\/Oil Burners
3.4 Equipment Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
538<\/td>\nFuel Oil Storage Systems
Fuel-Handling Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
539<\/td>\nFuel Oil Preparation System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
540<\/td>\n4. SOLID-FUEL-BURNING APPLIANCES
4.1 Capacity Classification of Stokers
4.2 Stoker Types by Fuel-Feed Methods
Spreader Stokers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
541<\/td>\nUnderfeed Stokers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
542<\/td>\nChain and Traveling Grate Stokers
Vibrating Grate Stokers
5. CONTROLS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
543<\/td>\n5.1 Safety Controls and Interlocks
Ignition and Flame Monitoring
Draft Proving
Limit Controls
Other Safety Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
544<\/td>\nPrescriptive Requirements for Safety Controls
Reliability of Safety Controls
5.2 Operating Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
545<\/td>\nIntegrated and Programmed Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
546<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
547<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch32
1. Classifications
Working Pressure and Temperature
Fuel Used
Construction Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
549<\/td>\nType of Draft
Condensing or Noncondensing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
550<\/td>\nWall-Hung Boilers
Integrated (Combination) Boilers
Electric Boilers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
551<\/td>\n2. Selection Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
552<\/td>\n3. Efficiency: Input and Output Ratings
4. Performance Codes and Standards
5. Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
553<\/td>\n6. Burner Types
7. Boiler Controls
Operating Controls
Water Level Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
554<\/td>\n8. Flame Safeguard Controls
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
555<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch33
1. Components
Casing or Cabinet
Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
556<\/td>\nHeat Sources
Combustion Venting Components
Circulating Blowers and Motors
Filters and Other Accessories
Airflow Variations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
557<\/td>\nCombustion System Variations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
558<\/td>\nIndoor\/Outdoor Furnace Variations
2. Heat Source Types
Natural Gas and Propane Furnaces
Oil Furnaces
Electric Furnaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
559<\/td>\n3. Commercial Equipment
Ducted Equipment
Unducted Heaters
4. Controls and Operating Characteristics
External to Furnace
Internal to Furnace <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
560<\/td>\n5. Equipment Selection
Distribution System
Equipment Location
Forced-Air System Primary Use
Fuel Selection
Combustion Air and Venting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
561<\/td>\nEquipment Sizing
Types of Furnaces
Consumer Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
562<\/td>\nSelecting Furnaces for Commercial Buildings
6. Calculations
7. Technical Data
Natural Gas Furnaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
563<\/td>\nPropane Furnaces
Oil Furnaces
Electric Furnaces
Commercial Furnaces
8. Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
564<\/td>\n9. Agency Listings
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
565<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch34
1. GAS IN-SPACE HEATERS
Room Heaters
Wall Furnaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
566<\/td>\nFloor Furnaces
United States Minimum Efficiency Requirements
1.1 Controls
Valves
Thermostats <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
567<\/td>\n1.2 Vent Connectors
1.3 Sizing Units
2. OIL AND KEROSENE IN-SPACE HEATERS
Vaporizing Oil Pot Heaters
Powered Atomizing Heaters
Portable Kerosene Heaters
3. ELECTRIC IN-SPACE HEATERS
Wall, Floor, Toe Space, and Ceiling Heaters
Baseboard Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
568<\/td>\n3.1 Radiant Heating Systems
Heating Panels and Heating Panel Sets
Embedded Cable and Storage Heating Systems
Cord-Connected Portable Heaters
Controls
4. SOLID-FUEL IN-SPACE HEATERS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
569<\/td>\n4.1 Fireplaces
Simple Fireplaces
Factory-Built Fireplaces
Freestanding Fireplaces
4.2 Stoves
Conventional Wood Stoves
Advanced-Design Wood Stoves
Fireplace Inserts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
570<\/td>\nPellet-Burning Stoves
5. GENERAL INSTALLATION PRACTICES
Safety with Solid Fuels
Utility-Furnished Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
571<\/td>\nProducts of Combustion
Agency Testing
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
572<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch35 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
573<\/td>\nStart-Up
Air Intakes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
574<\/td>\nVent Size
Draft Control
Pollution Control
Equipment Location
Wind Effects
Safety Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
575<\/td>\nMass Flow of Combustion Products in Chimneys and Vents
Table 1 Mass Flow Equations for Common Fuels
Fig. 1 Graphical Evaluation of Rate of Vent Gas Flow from Percent CO2 and Fuel Rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
576<\/td>\nTable 2 Typical Chimney and Vent Design Conditionsa
Fig. 2 Flue Gas Mass and Volumetric Flow
Table 3 Mass Flow for Incinerator Chimneys
Mean Chimney Gas Temperature and Density <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
577<\/td>\nFig. 3 Temperature Multiplier Cu for Compensation of Heat Losses in Connector
Table 4 Mean Chimney Gas Temperature for Various Appliances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
578<\/td>\nTable 5 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients of Various Chimneys and Vents
Theoretical Draft
Table 6 Approximate Theoretical Draft of Chimneys
Fig. 4 Theoretical Draft Nomograph <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
579<\/td>\nTable 7 Input Altitude Factor for Equation (21) Theoretical Draft
System Pressure Loss Caused by Flow
Table 8 Pressure Equations for Dp
Available Draft
Chimney Gas Velocity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
580<\/td>\nTable 9 Resistance Loss Coefficients
System Resistance Coefficient <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
581<\/td>\nFig. 5 Friction Factor for Commercial Iron and Steel Pipe
Configuration and Manifolding Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
582<\/td>\nFig. 6 Typical Connector Design
Input, Diameter, and Temperature Relationships <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
583<\/td>\nVolumetric Flow in Chimney or System
Graphical Solution of Chimney or Vent System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
584<\/td>\nFig. 7 Design Chart for Vents, Chimneys, and Ducts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
585<\/td>\nFig. 8 Gas Vent with Lateral <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
586<\/td>\nFig. 9 Draft-Regulated Appliance with 0.10 in. of water Available Draft Required
Fig. 10 Forced-Draft Appliance with Neutral (Zero) Draft (Negative Pressure Lateral) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
587<\/td>\nFig. 11 Forced-Draft Appliance with Positive Outlet Pressure (Negative Draft)
Fig. 12 Illustration for Example 2
Fig. 13 Illustration for Example 3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
588<\/td>\nFig. 14 Illustration for Example 4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
589<\/td>\nFig. 15 Illustration for Example 5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
590<\/td>\nFig. 16 Illustration for Example 7 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
591<\/td>\nFig. 17 Typical Fan Operating Data and System Curves
Vent Connectors
Masonry Chimneys for Gas Appliances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
592<\/td>\nType B and Type L Factory-Built Venting Systems
Gas Appliances Without Draft Hoods
Conversion to Gas
Condensation and Corrosion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
593<\/td>\nConnector and Chimney Corrosion
Vent Connectors
Masonry Chimneys for Oil-Fired Appliances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
594<\/td>\nReplacement of Appliances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
595<\/td>\nFig. 18 Eddy Formation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
596<\/td>\nFig. 19 Effect of Chimney Gas (Combustion Products) Temperature on Fireplace Frontal Opening Velocity
Fig. 20 Permissible Fireplace Frontal Opening Area for Design Conditions (0.8 fps mean frontal velocity with 12 in. inside diameter round flue)
Fig. 21 Effect of Area Ratio on Frontal Velocity (for chimney height of 15 ft with 12 in. inside diameter round flue) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
597<\/td>\nFig. 22 Variation of Chimney Flue Gas Temperature with Heat Input Rate of Combustion Products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
598<\/td>\nFig. 23 Chimney Sizing Chart for Fireplaces
Fig. 24 Estimation of Fireplace Frontal Opening Area <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
600<\/td>\nFig. 25 Building Heating Appliance, Medium-Heat Chimney <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
601<\/td>\nTable 10 Underwriters Laboratories Test Standards
Draft Hoods
Draft Regulators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
602<\/td>\nFig. 26 Use of Barometric Draft Regulators
Vent Dampers
Heat Exchangers or Flue Gas Heat Extractors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
603<\/td>\nFig. 27 Draft Inducers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
604<\/td>\nFig. 28 Wind Eddy and Wake Zones for One- or Two-Story Buildings and Their Effect on Chimney Gas Discharge
Fig. 29 Height of Eddy Currents Around Single High-Rise Buildings
Fig. 30 Eddy and Wake Zones for Low, Wide Buildings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
605<\/td>\nFig. 31 Vent and Chimney Rain Protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
606<\/td>\nTable 11 List of U.S. National Standards Relating to Installationa
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
607<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
608<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch36
1. Description
Radiators
Pipe Coils
Convectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
609<\/td>\nBaseboard Units
Finned-Tube Units
Heat Emission
2. Ratings of Heat-Distributing Units
Radiators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
610<\/td>\nConvectors
Baseboard Units
Finned-Tube Units
Other Heat-Distributing Units
Corrections for Nonstandard Conditions
3. Design
Effect of Water Velocity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
612<\/td>\nEffect of Altitude
Effect of Mass
Performance at Low Water Temperatures
Effect of Enclosure and Paint
4. Applications
Radiators
Convectors
Baseboard Radiation
Finned-Tube Radiation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
613<\/td>\nRadiant Panels
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
614<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch37 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
615<\/td>\n1. SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS
1.1 Air-Heating Systems
1.2 Liquid-Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
616<\/td>\n1.3 Solar Thermal Energy Collectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
619<\/td>\n1.4 Row Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
620<\/td>\n1.5 Array Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
624<\/td>\n1.6 Thermal Energy Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
628<\/td>\n1.7 Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
630<\/td>\n1.8 Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
632<\/td>\n2. PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
636<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
638<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch38
1. POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
639<\/td>\n1.1 Performance
Ideal Compressor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
640<\/td>\nActual Compressor
Compressor Efficiency, Subcooling, and Superheating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
641<\/td>\n1.2 Abnormal Operating Conditions, Hazards, and Protective Devices
Liquid Hazard
Suction and Discharge Pulsations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
642<\/td>\nNoise
Vibration
Shock
Testing and Operating Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
643<\/td>\n1.3 Motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
644<\/td>\n2. RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
645<\/td>\nPerformance Data
Motor Performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
647<\/td>\nFeatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
648<\/td>\nSpecial Devices
Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
649<\/td>\n3. ROTARY COMPRESSORS
3.1 Rolling-Piston Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
650<\/td>\nPerformance
Features <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
651<\/td>\n3.2 Rotary-Vane Compressors
3.3 Screw Compressors
Single-Screw Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
656<\/td>\nTwin-Screw Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
661<\/td>\n3.4 Scroll Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
662<\/td>\nMechanical Features <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
663<\/td>\nCapacity Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
664<\/td>\nEnergy Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
665<\/td>\nNoise and Vibration
Operation and Maintenance
3.5 Trochoidal Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
666<\/td>\nDescription and Performance
4. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
667<\/td>\nRefrigeration Cycle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
668<\/td>\nAngular Momentum
Mach Number <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
669<\/td>\nPerformance
Surging
System Balance and Capacity Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
671<\/td>\n4.1 Application
Vibration
Noise
Drivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
672<\/td>\nParalleling
Other Specialized Applications
4.2 Mechanical Design
Impellers
Casings
Rotor Dynamics
Bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
673<\/td>\nLubrication
Oil-Free Centrifugal Compressors
Accessories and Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
674<\/td>\n4.3 Isentropic Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
675<\/td>\n4.4 Polytropic Analysis
Nondimensional Coefficients <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
676<\/td>\nTesting
4.5 Operation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
677<\/td>\n4.6 Symbols
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
679<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch39
1. WATER-COOLED CONDENSERS
1.1 Heat Removal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
680<\/td>\n1.2 Heat Transfer
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Water-Side Film Coefficient
Refrigerant-Side Film Coefficient <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
681<\/td>\nTube-Wall Resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
682<\/td>\nSurface Efficiency
Fouling Factor
1.3 Water Pressure Drop <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
683<\/td>\n1.4 Liquid Subcooling
1.5 Water Circuiting
1.6 Types
Shell-and-Tube Condensers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
684<\/td>\nShell-and-Coil Condensers
Tube-in-Tube Condensers
Brazed-Plate and Plate-and-Frame Condensers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
685<\/td>\n1.7 Noncondensable Gases
1.8 Testing and Rating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
686<\/td>\nDesign Pressure
1.9 Operation and Maintenance
2. AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS
2.1 Types
Plate-and-Fin <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
687<\/td>\nIntegral-Fin
Microchannel
2.2 Fans and Air Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
688<\/td>\n2.3 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop
2.4 Condensers Remote from Compressor
2.5 Condensers as Part of Condensing Unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
689<\/td>\n2.6 Water-Cooled Versus Air-Cooled Condensing
2.7 Testing and Rating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
690<\/td>\n2.8 Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
691<\/td>\n2.9 Installation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
692<\/td>\n3. EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS
3.1 Heat Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
693<\/td>\n3.2 Condenser Configuration
Coils
Method of Coil Wetting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
694<\/td>\nAirflow
3.3 Condenser Location
3.4 Multiple-Condenser Installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
695<\/td>\n3.5 Ratings
3.6 Desuperheating Coils
3.7 Refrigerant Liquid Subcoolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
696<\/td>\n3.8 Multicircuit Condensers and Coolers
3.9 Water Treatment
3.10 Water Consumption
3.11 Capacity Modulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
697<\/td>\n3.12 Purging
3.13 Maintenance
3.14 Testing and Rating
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
698<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
699<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch40
1. Principle of Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
700<\/td>\n2. Design Conditions
3. Types of Cooling Towers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
702<\/td>\nDirect-Contact Cooling Towers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
705<\/td>\nIndirect-Contact Cooling Towers
Hybrid Cooling Towers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
706<\/td>\n4. Materials of Construction
5. Selection Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
708<\/td>\n6. Application
Siting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
709<\/td>\nPiping
Capacity Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
710<\/td>\nWater-Side Economizer (Free Cooling) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
711<\/td>\nWinter Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
712<\/td>\nSound
Drift
Fogging (Cooling Tower Plume) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
713<\/td>\nMaintenance
Inspections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
714<\/td>\nWater Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
715<\/td>\nWhite Rust
7. Performance Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
716<\/td>\n8. Cooling Tower Thermal Performance
9. Cooling Tower Theory <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
717<\/td>\nCounterflow Integration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
718<\/td>\nCross-Flow Integration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
719<\/td>\n10. Tower Coefficients <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
720<\/td>\nAvailable Coefficients <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
721<\/td>\nEstablishing Tower Characteristics
11. Additional Information
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
722<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch41
1. Direct Evaporative Air Coolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
723<\/td>\nRandom-Media Air Coolers
Rigid-Media Air Coolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
724<\/td>\nRemote Pad Evaporative Cooling Equipment
2. Indirect Evaporative Air Coolers
Packaged Indirect Evaporative Air Coolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
726<\/td>\nHeat Recovery
Cooling Tower\/Coil Systems
Other Indirect Evaporative Cooling Equipment
3. Indirect\/Direct Combinations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
727<\/td>\nPrecooling and Makeup Air Pretreatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
728<\/td>\n4. Air Washers
Spray Air Washers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
729<\/td>\nHigh-Velocity Spray-Type Air Washers
5. Humidification\/Dehumidification
Humidification with Air Washers and Rigid Media
Dehumidification with Air Washers and Rigid Media <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
730<\/td>\nAir Cleaning
6. Sound Attenuation
7. Maintenance and Water Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
731<\/td>\nLegionnaires\u2019 Disease
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
732<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch42
1. Types of Liquid Coolers
Direct-Expansion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
733<\/td>\nFlooded
Baudelot <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
734<\/td>\nShell-and-Coil
2. Heat Transfer
Heat Transfer Coefficients <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
735<\/td>\nFouling Factors
Wall Resistance
3. Pressure Drop
Fluid Side
Refrigerant Side
4. Vessel Design
Mechanical Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
736<\/td>\nChemical Requirements
Electrical Requirements
5. Application Considerations
Refrigerant Flow Control
Freeze Prevention <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
737<\/td>\nOil Return
Maintenance
Insulation
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
738<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch43
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
1.1 Principles of Operation
1.2 Common Liquid-Chilling Systems
Basic Chiller
Multiple-Chiller Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
740<\/td>\n1.3 Selection
1.4 Control
Liquid Chiller Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
741<\/td>\nControls That Influence the Liquid Chiller
Safety Controls
1.5 Standards and Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
742<\/td>\n1.6 General Maintenance
Continual Monitoring
Periodic Checks
Regularly Scheduled Maintenance
Extended Maintenance Checks
2. RECIPROCATING LIQUID CHILLERS
2.1 Equipment
Components and Their Functions
Capacities and Types Available <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
743<\/td>\nSelection of Refrigerant
2.2 Performance Characteristics and Operating Problems
2.3 Method of Selection
Ratings
Power Consumption
Fouling
2.4 Control Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
744<\/td>\n2.5 Special Applications
3. CENTRIFUGAL LIQUID CHILLERS
3.1 Equipment
Components and Their Function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
745<\/td>\nCapacities and Types Available
Selection of Refrigerant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
746<\/td>\n3.2 Performance and Operating Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
747<\/td>\n3.3 Selection
Ratings
Fouling
Noise and Vibration
3.4 Control Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
748<\/td>\n3.5 Auxiliaries
3.6 Special Applications
Free Cooling
Heat Recovery Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
749<\/td>\nAir-Cooled System
Other Coolants
Vapor Condensing
3.7 Operation and Maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
750<\/td>\n4. SCREW LIQUID CHILLERS
4.1 Equipment
Components and Their Function
Capacities and Types Available <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
751<\/td>\nSelection of Refrigerant
4.2 Performance and Operating Characteristics
4.3 Selection
Ratings
Power Consumption
Fouling
4.4 Control Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
752<\/td>\n4.5 Auxiliaries
4.6 Special Applications
4.7 Maintenance
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
753<\/td>\nBibliography
Online Resource <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
754<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch44
1. Centrifugal Pumping
2. Construction Features <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
755<\/td>\n3. Pump Types
Circulator Pump <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
756<\/td>\nClose-Coupled, Single-Stage, End-Suction Pump
Frame-Mounted, End-Suction Pump on Base Plate
Base-Mounted, Horizontal (Axial) or Vertical, Split-Case, Single-Stage, Double-Suction Pump
Base-Mounted, Horizontal, Split-Case, Multistage Pump <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
757<\/td>\nVertical In-Line Pump
Vertical In-Line Split-Coupled Pump
Vertical Turbine, Single- or Multistage, Sump-Mounted Pump
4. Pump Performance Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
758<\/td>\n5. Hydronic System Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
759<\/td>\n6. Pump and Hydronic System Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
760<\/td>\n7. Pump Power
8. Pump Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
761<\/td>\n9. Affinity Laws <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
763<\/td>\n10. Radial Thrust
11. Net Positive Suction Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
764<\/td>\n12. Selection of Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
765<\/td>\n13. Arrangement of Pumps
Parallel Pumping
Series Pumping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
766<\/td>\nStandby Pump
Primary-Secondary Pumping
Variable-Speed Central Pumping
Variable-Speed Distributed Pumping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
767<\/td>\nDifferential Pressure Control with Predefined Control Curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
768<\/td>\n14. Motive Power
15. Energy Conservation in Pumping
16. Installation, Operation, and Commissioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
769<\/td>\nCommissioning Base-Mounted Centrifugal Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
770<\/td>\n17. Troubleshooting
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
771<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch45
1. MOTORS
1.1 Alternating-Current Power Supply <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
772<\/td>\n1.2 Codes and Standards
1.3 Motor Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
773<\/td>\n1.4 General-Purpose Motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
774<\/td>\nApplication
1.5 Permanent-Magnet AC Motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
775<\/td>\n1.6 Hermetic Motors
Application
1.7 Integral Thermal Protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
776<\/td>\n1.8 Motor Protection and Control
Separate Motor Protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
777<\/td>\nProtection of Control Apparatus and Branch Circuit Conductors
Three-Phase Motor Starting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
778<\/td>\nDirect-Current Motor Starting
Single-Phase Motor Starting
Operating AC Induction Motors above Nameplate Speed Using Variable-Frequency Drives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
779<\/td>\nVFD-Induced Bearing Currents
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
780<\/td>\nDetecting Bearing Currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
781<\/td>\nStrategies for Mitigating Bearing Currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
783<\/td>\n2. AIR VOLUME CONTROL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
784<\/td>\n2.1 Variable-Frequency Drives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
785<\/td>\nPower Transistor Characteristics
Motor and Conductor Impedance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
786<\/td>\nMotor Ratings and NEMA Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
787<\/td>\nMotor Noise and Drive Carrier Frequencies
Carrier Frequencies and Drive Ratings
2.2 Power Distribution System Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
788<\/td>\nVFDs and Harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
789<\/td>\n2.3 AHRI standard 1210
Calculating VFD and Motor Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
790<\/td>\nDrive-Generated Harmonics
Performance Rating
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
792<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch46
1. Pipe
Steel Pipe
Copper Tube <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
793<\/td>\nDuctile Iron and Cast Iron
2. Fittings
3. Joining Methods
Threading
Soldering and Brazing
Flared and Compression Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
796<\/td>\nFlanges
Welding
Reinforced Outlet Fittings
Other Joints
Unions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
797<\/td>\n4. Special Systems
5. Selection of Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
798<\/td>\n6. Pipe Wall Thickness
7. Stress Calculations
8. Plastic Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
799<\/td>\nAllowable Stress
Plastic Material Selection
9. Pipe-Supporting Elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
801<\/td>\n10. Pipe Expansion and Flexibility
11. Pipe Bends and Loops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
802<\/td>\nL Bends
Z Bends
U Bends and Pipe Loops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
803<\/td>\nCold Springing of Pipe
Analyzing Existing Piping Configurations
12. Expansion Joints and Expansion Compensating Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
804<\/td>\nPacked Expansion Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
805<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
806<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch47
1. Fundamentals
Body Ratings
Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
807<\/td>\nFlow Coefficient and Pressure Drop
Cavitation
Water Hammer
Noise
Body Styles
2. Manual Valves
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
808<\/td>\nGlobe Valves
Gate Valves
Plug Valves
Ball Valves
Butterfly Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
809<\/td>\n3. Automatic Valves
Actuators
Pneumatic Actuators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
810<\/td>\nElectric Actuators
Electronic Hydraulic Actuators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
811<\/td>\nSolenoids
Thermostatic Radiator Valves
Control of Automatic Valves
Two-Way Valves
Three-Way Valves
Special-Purpose Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
812<\/td>\nBall Valves
Butterfly Valves
Pressure-Independent Control Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
813<\/td>\nFlow-Limiting Valves
Control Valve Flow Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
814<\/td>\nControl Valve Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
815<\/td>\n4. Balancing Valves
Manual Balancing Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
816<\/td>\nAutomatic Flow-Limiting Valves
Balancing Valve Selection
5. Multiple-Purpose Valves
6. Safety Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
817<\/td>\n7. Self-Contained Temperature Control Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
818<\/td>\n8. Pressure-Reducing Valves
Makeup Water Valves
9. Check Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
819<\/td>\n10. Stop-Check Valves
11. Backflow Prevention Devices
Selection
Installation
12. Steam Traps
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
821<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch48
1. Fundamentals
2. Types of Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
822<\/td>\nShell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
823<\/td>\nPlate Heat Exchangers
Double-Wall Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
824<\/td>\n3. Components
Shell-and-Tube Components
Plate Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
825<\/td>\n4. Application
5. Selection Criteria
Thermal\/Mechanical Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
826<\/td>\nCost
Maintenance
Space Requirements
Steam
Water Quality
6. Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
827<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch49
1. General Design Considerations
User Requirements
Application Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
828<\/td>\nInstallation
Service
Sustainability
2. Types of Unitary Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
830<\/td>\nSingle-Package Equipment: Types and Installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
831<\/td>\nCombined Space-Conditioning\/Water-Heating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
832<\/td>\nEngine-Driven Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners
3. Equipment and System Standards
Energy Conservation and Efficiency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
833<\/td>\nAHRI Certification Programs
Safety Standards and Installation Codes
4. Air Conditioners
Refrigerant Circuit Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
834<\/td>\nAir-Handling Systems
Electrical Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
835<\/td>\nMechanical Design
Accessories
Heating
5. Air-Source Heat Pumps
Add-On Heat Pumps
Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
836<\/td>\nRefrigerant Circuit and Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
837<\/td>\nSystem Control and Installation
6. Water-Source Heat Pumps
Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
839<\/td>\nPerformance Certification Programs
Equipment Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
840<\/td>\n7. Variable-Refrigerant-Flow Heat Pumps
Application
Categories
Refrigerant Circuit and Components
Heating and Defrost Operation
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
841<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
842<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch50
1. ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS
1.1 Sizes and Classifications
1.2 Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
843<\/td>\n1.3 Performance Data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
845<\/td>\n1.4 Special Features
1.5 Safety Codes and Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
846<\/td>\n1.6 Installation and Service
2. PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONERS
2.1 Sizes and Classifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
847<\/td>\n2.2 General Design Considerations
2.3 Design of PTAC\/PTHP Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
848<\/td>\n2.4 Heat Pump Operation
2.5 Performance and Safety Testing
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
849<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
850<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch51
Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
851<\/td>\nClassification of Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
852<\/td>\nStorage Media
Basic Thermal Storage Concepts
Benefits of Thermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
853<\/td>\nDesign Considerations
1. Sensible Thermal Storage Technology
Sensible Energy Storage
Temperature Range and Storage Size
Techniques for Thermal Separation in Sensible Storage Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
854<\/td>\nPerformance of Chilled-Water Storage Systems
Design of Stratification Diffusers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
855<\/td>\nStorage Tank Insulation
Other Factors
Chilled-Water Storage Tanks
Low-Temperature Fluid Sensible Energy Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
856<\/td>\nStorage in Aquifers
2. Chilled-Water Thermal Storage Sizing Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
858<\/td>\nLatent Cool Storage Technology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
859<\/td>\nWater as Phase-Change Thermal Storage Medium
Internal Melt Ice-On-Coil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
860<\/td>\n3. Chiller and Ice Storage Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
861<\/td>\nOperation With Disabled Chiller
Selecting Storage Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
862<\/td>\nExternal-Melt Ice-On-Coil
Encapsulated Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
863<\/td>\nIce Harvesters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
864<\/td>\nIce Slurry Systems
Unitary Thermal Storage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
865<\/td>\nOther Phase-Change Materials
4. Heat Storage Technology
Sizing Heat Storage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
866<\/td>\nService Water Heating
Brick Storage (ETS) Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
868<\/td>\nPressurized Water Storage Heaters
Underfloor Heat Storage
Building Mass Thermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
869<\/td>\nStorage Charging and Discharging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
870<\/td>\nDesign Considerations
Factors Favoring Thermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
872<\/td>\nFactors Discouraging Thermal Storage
Typical Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
873<\/td>\n5. Sizing Cool Storage Systems
Sizing Strategies
Calculating Load Profiles
Sizing Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
874<\/td>\n6. Application of Thermal Storage Systems
Chilled-Water Storage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
876<\/td>\nIce (and PCM) Storage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
878<\/td>\nUnitary Thermal Storage Systems (UTSSs)
7. Operation and Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
879<\/td>\nOperating Modes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
880<\/td>\nControl Strategies
Operating Strategies
Utility Demand Control
Instrumentation Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
881<\/td>\n8. Other Design Considerations
Hydronic System Design for Open Systems
Cold-Air Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
882<\/td>\nStorage of Heat in Cool Storage Units
System Interface
Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
883<\/td>\n9. Cost Considerations
10. Maintenance Considerations
Water Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
884<\/td>\n11. Commissioning
Statement of Design Intent <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
885<\/td>\nCommissioning Specification
Required Information
Performance Verification
Sample Commissioning Plan Outline for Chilled-Water Plants with Thermal Storage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
886<\/td>\n12. Good Practices
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
889<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
891<\/td>\nI-P_S16_Ch52 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
919<\/td>\nI-P_S2016 IndexIX
Abbreviations, F37
Absorbents
Absorption
Acoustics. See Sound
Activated alumina, S24.1, 4, 12
Activated carbon adsorption, A46.7
Adaptation, environmental, F9.16
ADPI. See Air diffusion performance index (ADPI)
Adsorbents
Adsorption
Aeration, of farm crops, A25
Aerosols, S29.1
AFDD. See Automated fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD)
Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps, S44.8
AFUE. See Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE)
AHU. See Air handlers
Air
Air barriers, F26.5
Airborne infectious diseases, F10.7
Air cleaners. (See also Filters, air; Industrial exhaust gas cleaning)
Air conditioners. (See also Central air conditioning) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
920<\/td>\nAir conditioning. (See also Central air conditioning)
Air contaminants, F11. (See also Contaminants)
Aircraft, A12
Air curtains
Air diffusers, S20
Air diffusion, F20
Air diffusion performance index (ADPI), A57.5
Air dispersion systems, fabric, S19.11
Air distribution, A57; F20; S4; S20
Air exchange rate
Air filters. See Filters, air
Airflow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
921<\/td>\nAirflow retarders, F25.9, 10
Air flux, F25.2. (See also Airflow)
Air handlers
Air inlets
Air intakes
Air jets. See Air diffusion
Air leakage. (See also Infiltration)
Air mixers, S4.8
Air outlets
Airports, air conditioning, A3.6
Air quality. [See also Indoor air quality (IAQ)]
Air terminal units (ATUs)
Airtightness, F36.24
Air-to-air energy recovery, S26
Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.13
Air transport, R27
Air washers
Algae, control, A49.11
All-air systems
Altitude, effects of
Ammonia
Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A55.7
Anemometers
Animal environments
Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), S34.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
922<\/td>\nAntifreeze
Antisweat heaters (ASH), R15.5
Apartment buildings
Aquifers, thermal storage, S51.7
Archimedes number, F20.6
Archives. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries
Arenas
Argon, recovery, R47.17
Asbestos, F10.5
ASH. See Antisweat heaters (ASH)
Atriums
Attics, unconditioned, F27.2
Auditoriums, A5.3
Automated fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD), A39.5; A61.1
Automobiles
Autopsy rooms, A8.9; A9.6, 7
Avogadro\u2019s law, and fuel combustion, F28.10
Backflow-prevention devices, S47.14
BACnet\u00ae, A40.18; F7.18
Bacteria
Bakery products, R41
Balance point, heat pumps, S49.9
Balancing. (See also Testing, adjusting, and balancing)
BAS. See Building automation systems (BAS)
Baseboard units
Basements
Beer\u2019s law, F4.16
Bernoulli equation, F21.1
Best efficiency point (BEP), S44.8
Beverages, R39
BIM. See Building information modeling (BIM)
Bioaerosols
Biocides, control, A49.13
Biodiesel, F28.6
Biological safety cabinets, A16.5
Biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A18.9
Bioterrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Boilers, S32
Boiling
Brake horsepower, S44.8
Brayton cycle
Bread, R41
Breweries
Brines. See Coolants, secondary
Building automation systems (BAS), A40.18; A61.1; F7.14
Building energy monitoring, A41. (See also Energy, monitoring)
Building envelopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
923<\/td>\nBuilding information modeling (BIM), A40.15
Building materials, properties, F26
Buildings
Building thermal mass
Burners
Buses
Bus terminals
Butane, commercial, F28.5
CAD. See Computer-aided design (CAD)
Cafeterias, service water heating, A50.11, 21
Calcium chloride brines, F31.1
Candy
Capillary action, and moisture flow, F25.10
Capillary tubes
Carbon dioxide
Carbon emissions, F34.6
Carbon monoxide
Cargo containers, R25
Carnot refrigeration cycle, F2.7
Cattle, beef and dairy, A24.7. (See also Animal environments)
CAV. See Constant air volume (CAV)
Cavitation, F3.13
CBRE. See Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
924<\/td>\nCEER. See Combined energy efficiency ratio (CEER)
Ceiling effect. See Coanda effect
Ceilings
Central air conditioning, A42. (See also Air conditioning)
Central plants
Central systems
Cetane number, engine fuels, F28.8
CFD. See Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Charge minimization, R1.36
Charging, refrigeration systems, R8.4
Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents, A59
Chemical plants
Chemisorption, A46.9
Chilled beams, S20.9
Chilled water (CW)
Chillers
Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogy, F6.7
Chimneys, S35
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), A34.6
Chocolate, R42.1. (See also Candy)
Choking, F3.13
CHP systems. See Combined heat and power (CHP)
Cinemas, A5.3
CKV. See Commercial kitchen ventilation (CVK)
Claude cycle, R47.8
Cleanrooms. See Clean spaces
Clean spaces, A18 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
925<\/td>\nClear-sky solar radiation, calculation, F14.7
Climate change, effect on climatic design conditions, F14.14
Climatic design information, F14
Clinics, A8.14
Clothing
CLTD\/CLF. See Cooling load temperature differential method with solar cooling load factors (CLTD\/CLF)
Coal
Coanda effect, A33.17; F20.2, 6; S20.2
Codes, S52. (See also Standards)
Coefficient of performance (COP)
Cogeneration. See Combined heat and power (CHP)
Coils
Colburn\u2019s analogy, F4.17
Colebrook equation
Collectors, solar, A35.6, 11, 24, 25; S37.3
Colleges and universities, A7.11
Combined energy efficiency ratio (CEER), S50.3
Combined heat and power (CHP), S7
Combustion, F28 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
926<\/td>\nCombustion air systems
Combustion turbine inlet cooling (CTIC), S7.21; S8.1
Comfort. (See also Physiological principles, humans)
Commercial and public buildings, A3
Commercial kitchen ventilation (CKV), A33
Commissioning, A43
Compressors, S38
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), F13.1
Computer-aided design (CAD), A18.5; A40.15
Computers, A40
Concert halls, A5.4
Concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
927<\/td>\nCondensate
Condensation
Condensers, S39
Conductance, thermal, F4.3; F25.1
Conduction
Conductivity, thermal, F25.1; F26.1
Constant air volume (CAV)
Constant-volume, all-air systems
Construction. (See also Building envelopes)
Containers. (See also Cargo containers)
Contaminants
Continuity, fluid dynamics, F3.2
Control. (See also Controls, automatic; Supervisory control) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
928<\/td>\nControlled-atmosphere (CA) storage
Controlled-environment rooms (CERs), and plant growth, A24.16
Controls, automatic, F7. (See also Control)
Convection
Convectors
Convention centers, A5.5
Conversion factors, F38
Coolants, secondary
Coolers. (See also Refrigerators) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
929<\/td>\nCooling. (See also Air conditioning)
Cooling load
Cooling load temperature differential method with solar cooling load factors (CLTD\/CLF), F18.49
Cooling towers, S40
Cool storage, S51.1
COP. See Coefficient of performance (COP)
Corn, drying, A25.1
Correctional facilities. See Justice facilities
Corrosion
Costs. (See also Economics)
Cotton, drying, A25.8
Courthouses, A9.5
Courtrooms, A9.5
CPVC. See Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)
Crawlspaces
Critical spaces
Crops. See Farm crops
Cruise terminals, A3.6
Cryogenics, R47 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
930<\/td>\nCurtain walls, F15.5
Cycloparaffins, R12.3
Dairy products, R33
Dampers
Dampness problems in buildings, A62.1
Dams, concrete cooling, R45.1
Darcy equation, F21.6
Darcy-Weisbach equation
Data centers, A19
Data-driven modeling
Daylighting
DDC. See Direct digital control (DDC)
Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS), S4.14; S18.2, 8; S25.4
Definitions, of refrigeration terms, R50
Defrosting
Degree-days, F14.12; F19.18
Dehumidification, A47.15; S24
Dehumidifiers
Dehydration
Density
Dental facilities, A8.14
Desiccants, F32.1; S24.1
Design-day climatic data, F14.11
Desorption isotherm, F26.19
Desuperheaters
Dew point, A62.8 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
931<\/td>\nDiamagnetism, and superconductivity, R47.5
Diesel fuel, F28.8
Diffusers, air, sound control, A48.12
Diffusion
Diffusivity
Dilution
Dining halls, in justice facilities, A9.4
DIR. See Dispersive infrared (DIR)
Direct digital control (DDC), F7.4, 10
Direct numerical simulation (DNS), turbulence modeling, F13.4; F24.10
Dirty bombs. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Discharge coefficients, in fluid flow, F3.9
Dispersive infrared (DIR), F7.9
Display cases, R15.2, 5
District energy (DE), S12.1
District heating and cooling (DHC), S12
d-limonene, F31.13
DNS. See Direct numerical simulation (DNS)
Doors
Dormitories
Draft
Drag, in fluid flow, F3.5
Driers, R7.6. (See also Dryers)
Drip station, steam systems, S12.14
Dryers. (See also Driers)
Drying
DTW. See Dual-temperature water (DTW) system
Dual-duct systems
Dual-temperature water (DTW) system, S13.1
DuBois equation, F9.3
Duct connections, A62.9
Duct design
Ducts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
932<\/td>\nDuct sealing, A62.9
Dust mites, F25.17
Dusts, S29.1
Dynamometers, A17.1
Earth, stabilization, R45.3, 4
Earthquakes, seismic-resistant design, A55.1
Economic analysis, A37
Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP), S7.2
Economic performance degradation index (EPDI), A61.3
Economics. (See also Costs)
Economizers
ECOP. See Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP)
ECS. See Environmental control system (ECS)
Eddy diffusivity, F6.7
Educational facilities, A7
EER. See Energy efficiency ratio (EER)
Effectiveness, heat transfer, F4.21
Effective radiant flux (ERF), A54.2
Efficiency
Eggs, R34
Electricity
Electric thermal storage (ETS), S51.17
Electrostatic precipitators, S29.7; S30.7
Elevators
Emissions, pollution, F28.7
Emissivity, F4.2
Emittance, thermal, F25.2
Enclosed vehicular facilities, A15
Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
933<\/td>\nEnergy efficiency ratio (EER)
Energy savings performance contracting (ESPC), A37.8
Energy transfer station, S12.37
Engines, S7
Engine test facilities, A17
Enhanced tubes. See Finned-tube heat transfer coils
Enthalpy
Entropy, F2.1
Environmental control
Environmental control system (ECS), A12
Environmental health, F10
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
EPDI. See Economic performance degradation index (EPDI)
Equipment vibration, A48.43; F8.17
ERF. See Effective radiant flux (ERF)
ESPC. See Energy savings performance contracting (ESPC)
Ethylene glycol, in hydronic systems, S13.23
ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); Electric thermal storage (ETS)
Evaluation. See Testing
Evaporation, in tubes
Evaporative coolers. (See also Refrigerators)
Evaporative cooling, A52
Evaporators. (See also Coolers, liquid)
Exfiltration, F16.1
Exhaust
Exhibit buildings, temporary, A5.8
Exhibit cases, A23.5, 16
Exhibition centers, A5.5
Expansion joints and devices, S46.10
Expansion tanks, S12.10 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
934<\/td>\nExplosions. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Fairs, A5.8
Family courts, A9.4. (See also Juvenile facilities)
Fan-coil units, S5.6
Fans, S21
Farm crops, drying and storing, A25
Faults, system, reasons for detecting, A39.6
f-Chart method, sizing heating and cooling systems, A35.21
Fenestration. (See also Windows)
Fick\u2019s law, F6.1
Filters, air, S29. (See also Air cleaners)
Finned-tube heat-distributing units, S36.2, 5
Finned-tube heat transfer coils, F4.25
Fins, F4.6
Fire\/smoke control. See Smoke control
Firearm laboratories, A9.7
Fire management, A53.1
Fireplaces, S34.5
Fire safety
Fish, R19; R32
Fitness facilities. (See also Gymnasiums)
Fittings
Fixed-guideway vehicles, A11.7. (See also Mass-transit systems)
Fixture units, A50.1, 27
Flammability limits, gaseous fuels, F28.1
Flash tank, steam systems, S11.14
Floors
Flowers, cut <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
935<\/td>\nFlowmeters, A38.13; F36.19
Fluid dynamics computations, F13.1
Fluid flow, F3
Food. (See also specific foods)
Food service
Forced-air systems, residential, A1.1
Forensic labs, A9.6
Fouling factor
Foundations, moisture control, A44.11
Fountains, Legionella pneumophila control, A49.14
Fourier\u2019s law, and heat transfer, F25.5
Four-pipe systems, S5.5
Framing
Freeze drying, A30.6
Freeze prevention. (See also Freeze protection systems)
Freeze protection systems, A51.18, 19
Freezers
Freezing
Friction, in fluid flow
Fruit juice, R38
Fruits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
936<\/td>\nFuel cells, combined heat and power (CHP), S7.22
Fuels, F28
Fume hoods, laboratory exhaust, A16.3
Fungi
Furnaces, S33
Galleries. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries
Garages
Gases
Gas-fired equipment, S34. (See also Natural gas)
Gas vents, S35.1
GCHP. See Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP)
Generators
Geothermal energy, A34
Geothermal heat pumps (GHP), A34.10
Glaser method, F25.15
Glazing
Global warming potential (GWP), F29.5
Glossary, of refrigeration terms, R50
Glycols, desiccant solution, S24.2
Graphical symbols, F37
Green design, and sustainability, F35.1
Greenhouses. (See also Plant environments)
Grids, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4
Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP)
Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), A34.1, 10
Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP), A34.32
GSHP. See Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP)
Guard stations, in justice facilities, A9.5
GWHP. See Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP)
GWP. See Global warming potential (GWP)
Gymnasiums, A5.5; A7.3
HACCP. See Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)
Halocarbon
Hartford loop, S11.3
Hay, drying, A25.8
Hazard analysis and control, F10.4
Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP), R22.4
Hazen-Williams equation, F22.1
HB. See Heat balance (HB)
Health
Health care facilities, A8. (See also specific types)
Health effects, mold, A62.1
Heat
Heat and moisture control, F27.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
937<\/td>\nHeat balance (HB), S9.22
Heat capacity, F25.1
Heat control, F27
Heaters, S34
Heat exchangers, S48
Heat flow, F25. (See also Heat transfer)
Heat flux, F25.1
Heat gain. (See also Load calculations)
Heating
Heating load
Heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF), S49.6
Heating values of fuels, F28.3, 7, 9
Heat loss. (See also Load calculations)
Heat pipes, air-to-air energy recovery, S26.14
Heat pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
938<\/td>\nHeat recovery. (See also Energy, recovery)
Heat storage. See Thermal storage
Heat stress
Heat transfer, F4; F25; F26; F27. (See also Heat flow)
Heat transmission
Heat traps, A50.1
Helium
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, A28.3; S29.6; S30.3
High-rise buildings. See Tall buildings
High-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization, R33.2
High-temperature water (HTW) system, S13.1
Homeland security. See Chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Hoods
Hospitals, A8.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
939<\/td>\nHot-box method, of thermal modeling, F25.8
Hotels and motels, A6
Hot-gas bypass, R1.35
Houses of worship, A5.3
HSI. See Heat stress, index (HSI)
HSPF. See Heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF)
HTST. See High-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization
Humidification, S22
Humidifiers, S22
Humidity (See also Moisture)
HVAC security, A59
Hydrogen, liquid, R47.3
Hydronic systems, S35. (See also Water systems)
Hygrometers, F7.9; F36.10, 11
Hygrothermal loads, F25.2
Hygrothermal modeling, F25.16; F27.10
IAQ. See Indoor air quality (IAQ)
IBD. See Integrated building design (IBD)
Ice
Ice makers
Ice rinks, A5.5; R44
ID50\u201a mean infectious dose, A59.9
Ignition temperatures of fuels, F28.2
IGUs. See Insulating glazing units (IGUs)
Illuminance, F36.30
Indoor air quality (IAQ). (See also Air quality)
Indoor environmental modeling, F13
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ), kitchens, A33.20. (See also Air quality)
Induction
Industrial applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
940<\/td>\nIndustrial environments, A14; A31; A32
Industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29. (See also Air cleaners)
Industrial hygiene, F10.3
Infiltration. (See also Air leakage)
Infrared applications
In-room terminal systems
Instruments, F14. (See also specific instruments or applications)
Insulating glazing units (IGUs), F15.4
Insulation, thermal
Integrated building design (IBD), A58.1, 7 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
941<\/td>\nIntercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.11
Jacketing, insulation, R10.6
Jails, A9.4
Joule-Thomson cycle, R47.6
Judges\u2019 chambers, A9.5
Juice, R38.1
Jury facilities, A9.5
Justice facilities, A9
Juvenile facilities, A9.1. (See also Family courts)
K-12 schools, A7.2
Kelvin\u2019s equation, F25.11
Kirchoff\u2019s law, F4.13
Kitchens, A33
Kleemenko cycle, R47.13
Krypton, recovery, R47.18
Laboratories, A16
Laboratory information management systems (LIMS), A9.8
Lakes, heat transfer, A34.38
Laminar flow
Large eddy simulation (LES), turbulence modeling, F13.3; F24.10
Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), F36.17
Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV), F36.17
Latent energy change materials, S51.2
Laundries
LCR. See Load collector ratio (LCR)
LD50\u201a mean lethal dose, A59.9
LDA. See Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA)
LDV. See Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV)
LE. See Life expectancy (LE) rating
Leakage
Leakage function, relationship, F16.15
Leak detection of refrigerants, F29.9
Legionella pneumophila, A49.14; F10.7
Legionnaires\u2019 disease. See Legionella pneumophila
LES. See Large eddy simulation (LES)
Lewis relation, F6.9; F9.4
Libraries. See Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries
Life expectancy (LE) rating, film, A22.3
Lighting
Light measurement, F36.30 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
942<\/td>\nLIMS. See Laboratory information management systems (LIMS)
Linde cycle, R47.6
Liquefied natural gas (LNG), S8.6
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), F28.5
Liquid overfeed (recirculation) systems, R4
Lithium bromide\/water, F30.69
Lithium chloride, S24.2
LNG. See Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Load calculations
Load collector ratio (LCR), A35.22
Local exhaust. See Exhaust
Loss coefficients
Louvers, F15.29
Low-temperature water (LTW) system, S13.1
LPG. See Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
LTW. See Low-temperature water (LTW) system
Lubricants, R6.1; R12. (See also Lubrication; Oil)
Lubrication, R12
Mach number, S38.31
Maintenance. (See also Operation and maintenance)
Makeup air units, S28.8
Malls, A2.7
Manometers, differential pressure readout, A38.12
Manufactured homes, A1.8
Masonry, insulation, F26.7. (See also Building envelopes)
Mass transfer, F6
Mass-transit systems
McLeod gages, F36.14
Mean infectious dose (ID50), A59.9
Mean lethal dose (LD50), A59.9 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
943<\/td>\nMean radiant temperature (MRT), A54.1
Mean temperature difference, F4.21
Measurement, F36. (See also Instruments)
Meat, R30
Mechanical equipment room, central
Mechanical traps, steam systems, S11.8
Medium-temperature water (MTW) system, S13.1
Megatall buildings, A4.1
Meshes, for computational fluid dynamics, F13.4
Metabolic rate, F9.6
Metals and alloys, low-temperature, R48.6
Microbial growth, R22.4
Microbial volatile organic chemicals (MVOCs), F10.7
Microbiology of foods, R22.1
Microphones, F36.27
Mines, A29
Modeling. (See also Data-driven modeling; Energy, modeling)
Moist air
Moisture (See also Humidity)
Mold, A62.1; F25.17
Mold-resistant gypsum board, A62.7
Molecular sieves, R18.10; R41.9; R47.13; S24.5. (See also Zeolites)
Montreal Protocol, F29.1
Morgues, A8.1
Motors, S45
Movie theaters, A5.3
MRT. See Mean radiant temperature (MRT)
Multifamily residences, A1.7
Multiple-use complexes
Multisplit unitary equipment, S49.1
Multizone airflow modeling, F13.14
Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
944<\/td>\nMVOCs. See Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs)
Natatoriums. (See also Swimming pools)
Natural gas, F28.5
Navier-Stokes equations, F13.1
NC curves. See Noise criterion (NC) curves
Net positive suction head (NPSH), A34.34; R2.9; S44.10
Night setback, recovery, A42.43
Nitrogen
Noise, F8.13. (See also Sound)
Noise criterion (NC) curves, F8.16
Noncondensable gases
NPSH. See Net positive suction head (NPSH)
NTU. See Number of transfer units (NTU)
Nuclear facilities, A28
Number of transfer units (NTU)
Nursing facilities, A8.15
Nuts, storage, R42.7
Odors, F12
ODP. See Ozone depletion potential (ODP)
Office buildings
Oil, fuel, F28.6
Oil. (See also Lubricants)
Olf unit, F12.6
One-pipe systems
Operating costs, A37.4
Operation and maintenance, A39. (See also Maintenance)
Optimization, A42.4
Outdoor air, free cooling
Outpatient health care facilities, A8.14
Owning costs, A37.1
Oxygen
Ozone
Ozone depletion potential (ODP), F29.4
Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs), S50.5
Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs), S50.5
PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Paint, and moisture problems, F25.17
Panel heating and cooling, S6. (See also Radiant heating and cooling)
Paper
Paper products facilities, A26
Paraffins, R12.3
Parallel compressor systems, R15.13 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
945<\/td>\nParticulate matter, indoor air quality (IAQ), F10.4, 6
Pasteurization, R33.2
Peak dew point, A62.9
Peanuts, drying, A25.9
PEC systems. See Personal environmental control (PEC) systems
PEL. See Permissible exposure limits (PEL)
Performance contracting, A41.2
Performance monitoring, A47.6
Permafrost stabilization, R45.4
Permeability
Permeance
Permissible exposure limits (PELs), F10.6
Personal environmental control (PEC) systems, F9.25
Pharmaceutical manufacturing cleanrooms, A18.9
Pharmacies, A8.9
Phase-change materials, thermal storage in, S51.16, 27
Photographic materials, A22
Photovoltaic (PV) systems, S36.18. (See also Solar energy)
Physical properties of materials, F33
Physiological principles, humans. (See also Comfort)
Pigs. See Swine
Pipes, S46. (See also Piping)
Piping. (See also Pipes)
Pitot tubes, A38.2; F36.17
Places of assembly, A5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
946<\/td>\nPlanes. See Aircraft
Plank\u2019s equation, R20.7
Plant environments, A24.10
Plenums
PMV. See Predicted mean vote (PMV)
Police stations, A9.1
Pollutant transport modeling. See Contami- nants, indoor, concentration prediction
Pollution, air, and combustion, F28.7, 14
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), F10.6
Polydimethylsiloxane, F31.13
Ponds, spray, S40.6
Pope cell, F36.12
Positive building pressure, A62.9
Positive positioners, F7.8
Potatoes
Poultry. (See also Animal environments)
Power grid, A61.7
Power-law airflow model, F13.14
Power plants, A27
PPD. See Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD)
Prandtl number, F4.17
Precooling
Predicted mean vote (PMV), F36.31
Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F9.18
Preschools, A7.1
Pressure
Pressure drop. (See also Darcy-Weisbach equation)
Primary-air systems, S5.10
Printing plants, A20
Prisons, A9.4
Produce
Product load, R15.5
Propane
Propylene glycol, hydronic systems, S13.23
Psychrometers, F1.13
Psychrometrics, F1
PTACs. See Packaged terminal air condition- ers (PTACs)
PTHPs. See Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs)
Public buildings. See Commercial and public buildings; Places of assembly
Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
947<\/td>\nPurge units, centrifugal chillers, S43.11
Radiant heating and cooling, A55; S6.1; S15; S33.4. (See also Panel heating and cooling)
PV systems. See Photovoltaic (PV) systems; Solar energy
Radiant time series (RTS) method, F18.2, 20
Radiation
Radiators, S36.1, 5
Radioactive gases, contaminants, F11.19
Radiometers, A54.7
Radon, F10.11, 17, 22
Rail cars, R25. (See also Cargo containers)
Railroad tunnels, ventilation
Rain, and building envelopes, F25.4
RANS. See Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation
Rapid-transit systems. See Mass-transit systems
Rayleigh number, F4.19
RC curves. See Room criterion (RC) curves
Receivers
Recycling refrigerants, R9.3
Refrigerant\/absorbent pairs, F2.16
Refrigerant control devices, R11
Refrigerants, F29.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
948<\/td>\nRefrigerant transfer units (RTU), liquid chillers, S43.11
Refrigerated facilities, R23
Refrigeration, F1.16. (See also Absorption; Adsorption)
Refrigeration oils, R12. (See also Lubricants)
Refrigerators
Regulators. (See also Valves)
Residential health care facilities, A8.15
Residential systems, A1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
949<\/td>\nResistance, thermal, F4; F25; F26. (See also R-values)
Resistance temperature devices (RTDs), F7.9; F36.6
Resistivity, thermal, F25.1
Resource utilization factor (RUF), F34.2
Respiration of fruits and vegetables, R19.17
Restaurants
Retail facilities, A2
Retrofit performance monitoring, A41.4
Retrofitting refrigerant systems, contaminant control, R7.10
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation, F13.3; F24.10
Reynolds number, F3.3
Rice, drying, A25.9
RMS. See Root mean square (RMS)
Road tunnels, A15.3
Roof overhang, A62.7
Roofs, U-factors, F27.2
Room air distribution, A57; S20.1
Room criterion (RC) curves, F8.16
Root mean square (RMS), F36.1
Roughness factors, ducts, F21.6
RTDs. See Resistance temperature devices (RTDs)
RTS. See Radiant time series (RTS)
RTU. See Refrigerant transfer units (RTU)
RUF. See Resource utilization factor (RUF)
Rusting, of building components, F25.17
R-values, F23; F25; F26. (See also Resistance, thermal)
Safety
Sanitation
Savings-to-investment-ratio (SIR), A37.11
Scale
Schneider system, R23.7
Schools
Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER)
Security. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
Seeds, storage, A25.12
SEER. See Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER)
Seismic restraint, A48.52; A55.1
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), F10.4, 12; F11.14
Sensors
Separators, lubricant, R11.24
Service water heating, A50
SES. See Subway environment simulation (SES) program
Shading
Ships, A13 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
950<\/td>\nShooting ranges, indoor, A9.8
Short-tube restrictors, R11.31
Silica gel, S24.1, 4, 6, 12
Single-duct systems, all-air, S4.11
SIR. See Savings-to-investment ratio (SIR)
Skating rinks, R44.1
Skylights, and solar heat gain, F15.27
Slab heating, A51
Slab-on-grade foundations, A44.11
SLR. See Solar-load ratio (SLR)
Smart building systems, A61.1
Smart grid, A61.7, 10
Smoke control, A53
Snow-melting systems, A51
Snubbers, seismic, A55.8
Sodium chloride brines, F31.1
Soft drinks, R39.10
Software
Soils. (See also Earth)
Solar energy, A35; S37.1 (See also Solar heat gain; Solar radiation) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
951<\/td>\nSolar heat gain, F15.13; F18.14
Solar-load ratio (SLR), A35.22
Solar-optical glazing, F15.13
Solar radiation, F14.7; F15.13
Solid fuel
Solvent drying, constant-moisture, A30.7
Soot, F28.17
Sorbents, F32.1
Sorption isotherm, F25.10; F26.19
Sound, F8. (See also Noise)
Sound control, A48; F8. (See also Noise)
Soybeans, drying, A25.7
Specific heat
Spot cooling
Spot heating, A54.4
Stack effect
Stadiums, A5.4
Stairwells, smoke control, A53.8
Standard atmosphere, U.S., F1.1
Standards, S52. (See also Codes)
Static air mixers, S4.8
Static electricity and humidity, S22.2
Steam
Steam systems, S11 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
952<\/td>\nSteam traps, S11.7
Stefan-Boltzmann equation, F4.2, 12
Stevens\u2019 law, F12.3
Stirling cycle, R47.14
Stokers, S31.17
Storage
Stoves, heating, S34.5
Stratification
Stroboscopes, F36.27
Subcoolers
Subway environment simulation (SES) program, A15.3
Subway systems. (See also Mass-transit systems)
Suction risers, R2.24
Sulfur content, fuel oils, F28.7
Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R47.5
Supertall buildings, A4.1
Supervisory control, A42
Supply air outlets, S20.2. (See also Air outlets)
Surface effect. See Coanda effect
Surface transportation
Surface water heat pump (SWHP), A34.12
Sustainability, F16.1; F35.1; S49.2
SVFs. See Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs)
SVOCs. See Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs)
SWHP. See Surface water heat pump (SWHP)
Swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums)
Swine, recommended environment, A24.7
Symbols, F37
Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F10.5
TABS. See Thermally activated building systems (TABS)
Tachometers, F36.27
Tall buildings, A4
Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R13.2
Telecomunication facilities, air-conditioning systems, A19.1
Temperature
Temperature-controlled transport, R25.1
Temperature index, S22.3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
953<\/td>\nTerminal units, A47.13; S20.7
Terminal units. See Air terminal units (ATUs)
Terminology, of refrigeration, R50
Terrorism. See Chemical, biological, radio- logical, and explosive (CBRE) incidents
TES. See Thermal energy storage (TES)
Testing
Testing, adjusting, and balancing. (See also Balancing)
TETD\/TA. See Total equivalent temperature differential method with time averaging (TETD\/TA)
TEWI. See Total equivalent warning impact (TEWI)
Textile processing plants, A21
TFM. See Transfer function method (TFM)
Theaters, A5.3
Thermal bridges, F25.8
Thermal comfort. See Comfort
Thermal emittance, F25.2
Thermal energy storage (TES), S8.6; S51
Thermally activated building systems (TABS), A42.3, 33
Thermal properties, F26.1
Thermal resistivity, F25.1
Thermal storage, S51
Thermal transmission data, F26
Thermistors, R11.4
Thermodynamics, F2.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
954<\/td>\nThermometers, F36.5
Thermopile, F7.4; F36.9; R45.4
Thermosiphons
Thermostats
Three-pipe distribution, S5.6
Tobacco smoke
Tollbooths
Total equivalent temperature differential method with time averaging (TETD\/TA), F18.49
Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI), F29.5
Trailers and trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also Cargo containers)
Transducers, pneumatic pressure, F7.10
Transfer function method (TFM), A40.10; F18.49
Transmittance, thermal, F25.2
Transmitters, pneumatic pressure, F7.10
Transpiration, R19.19
Transportation centers
Transport properties of refrigerants, F30
Traps
Trucks, refrigerated, R25. (See also Cargo containers)
Tuning automatic control systems, F7.18
Tunnels, vehicular, A15.1
Turbines, S7
Turbochargers, heat recovery, S7.34
Turbulence modeling, F13.3
Turbulent flow, fluids, F3.3
Turndown ratio, design capacity, S13.4
Two-node model, for thermal comfort, F9.18
Two-pipe systems, S5.5; S13.20
U.S. Marshal spaces, A9.6
U-factor
Ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, S29.6; S30.3
Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems, S17
Ultraviolet air and surface treatment, A60
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), A60.1; S17.1. [See also Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems]
Uncertainty analysis
Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems, A4.10; A57.9
Unitary systems, S49
Unit heaters. See Heaters
Units and conversions, F38
Unit ventilators, S28.1
Utility interface, electric, S7.43
Utility rates, A61.10
UV. See Ultraviolet (UV) lamp systems
UVGI. See Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI)
Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, R28.9
Validation, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17
Valves, S46. (See also Regulators) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
955<\/td>\nVaporization systems, S8.6
Vapor pressure, F27.8; F33.2
Vapor retarders, jackets, F23.12
Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems
Variable-frequency drives, S45.14
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), S18.1; S49.1, 14
VAV. See Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems
Vegetables, R37
Vehicles
Vena contracta, F3.4
Vending machines, R16.5
Ventilation, F16
Ventilators
Venting
Verification, of airflow modeling, F13.9, 10, 17
Vessels, ammonia refrigeration systems, R2.11
Vibration, F8.17 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
956<\/td>\nVibration control,
Viral pathogens, F10.8
Virgin rock temperature (VRT), and heat release rate, A29.3
Viscosity, F3.1
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), F10.11
Voltage, A56.1
Volume ratio, compressors
VRF. See Variable refrigerant flow (VRF)
VRT. See Virgin rock temperature (VRT)
Walls
Warehouses, A3.8
Water
Water heaters
Water horsepower, pump, S44.7
Water\/lithium bromide absorption
Water-source heat pump (WSHP), S2.4; S49.11
Water systems, S13 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
957<\/td>\nWater treatment, A49
Water vapor control, A44.6
Water vapor permeance\/permeability, F26.16, 17
Water vapor retarders, F26.6
Water wells, A34.33
Weather data, F14
Welding sheet metal, S19.12
Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), heat stress, A31.5
Wheels, rotary enthalpy, S26.9
Whirlpools and spas
Wien\u2019s displacement law, F4.12
Wind. (See also Climatic design information; Weather data)
Wind chill index, F9.23
Windows. (See also Fenestration)
Wind restraint design, A55.15
Wineries
Wireless sensors, A61.6
Wood construction, and moisture, F25.10
Wood products facilities, A26.1
Wood pulp, A26.2
Wood stoves, S34.5
World Wide Web (WWW), A40.8
WSHP. See Water-source heat pump (WSHP)
WWW. See World Wide Web (WWW)
Xenon, R47.18
Zeolites, R18.10; R41.9; R47.13; S24.5. (See also Molecular sieves) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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