BS 3044:1990:2005 Edition

$142.49

Guide to ergonomics principles in the design and selection of office furniture

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
BSI	2005	26

Guaranteed Safe Checkout

Category: BSI

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

Description

This British Standard provides guidance on the ergonomics principles important in the design and selection of office furniture to ensure that it will avoid any undue strain on the user.

The approach taken has been to provide the information necessary to give a general framework which will enable both purchasers and designers to understand and use ergonomics information applied to their work.

The standard does not provide a fixed set of prescriptive rules and, as a consequence, does not include detailed dimensional recommendations: such details are given in BS EN 527-1 and BS EN 1335-1 and BS EN ISO 9241-2.

The standard indicates how designers and purchasers can ensure that the needs of the end-user are at the centre of their decisions, thus creating a situation where work can be carried out comfortably and efficiently.

NOTE The titles of publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	BRITISH STANDARD BS 3044:1990 Guide to Ergonomics principles in the design and selection of office furniture
2	This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 1991 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Personal Safety Equipment Standards Policy Committee (PSM/-) to Technical Committee PSM/39, upon which the following bodies were represented: AFRC Institute of Engineering Research British Airways British Industrial Truck Association British Occupational Hygiene Society British Telecommunications plc Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers EEA (the Association of Electronics, Telecommunications and Business Equipment Industries) Engineering Employers’ Federation Ergonomics Society Furniture Industry Research Association Health and Safety Executive ICE (Ergonomics) Ltd. Institute of Management Services Institute of Occupational Medicine Loughborough University of Technology Ministry of Defence National Union of Mineworkers Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Society of Occupational Medicine Trades Union Congress
3	Contents
4	Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Personal Safety Equipment Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS 3044:1958 which is withdrawn. At the time of publication no international standards exist on this subject. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !”. Tags indicating changes to text carry the number of the amendment. For example, text altered by amendment A1 is indicated in the text by !”. This revision differs from BS 3044:1958 in the manner in which it covers the needs of both purchasers and designers of office fu… A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.
5	Section 1. General 1 Scope This British Standard provides guidance on the ergonomics principles important in the design and selection of office furniture to ensure that it will avoid any undue strain on the user. The approach taken has been to provide the information necessary to give a general framework which will enable both purchasers and designers to understand and use ergonomics information applied to their work. The standard does not provide a fixed set of prescriptive rules and, as a consequence, does not include detailed dimensional recommendations: !such details are given in BS EN 527-1 and BS EN 1335-1 and BS EN ISO 9241-2.” The standard indicates how designers and purchasers can ensure that the needs of the end-user are at the centre of their decisions, thus creating a situation where work can be carried out comfortably and efficiently. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions given in !BS EN 527-1 and BS EN 1335-1 and BS EN ISO 9241-5″ apply, together with the following. 2.1 anthropometry the branch of ergonomics that deals with body measurements, particularly those of size, strength and physical capacity 2.2 musculo-skeletal system responsible for maintenance of posture and for movement of the body through space. The term musculo-skeletal disorders is used t… 2.3 modern office systems a system of furniture that not only incorporates the office desk and chair but considers the lines of communication, the lighting levels, noise interference, and the user’s personal environment 2.4 static loading exerting a force for a period of time without producing motion 2.5 body seat height the maximum height of the undersurface of the thigh behind the knee (from the ground) when seated 2.6 seat length the maximum length of the seat front to backrest 2.7 hip width the width across the hips 2.8 operator eye height either the erect eye height from the floor (of a seated person) or the erect eye height from the seat squab (of a seated person) 2.9 body armrest height this dimension is best described by the height of the elbow above the seat 2.10 body armrest length the depth of the trunk or stomach regions of the body 2.11 armrest separation the distance between elbow and elbow 2.12 shoulder height either the sitting shoulder height from the floor or the sitting shoulder height from the seat squab
6	2.13 seat to underside of desk the maximum thickness of the thigh above the seat, with a further allowance made for movement 2.14 kneehole depth the distance between the back of the buttocks and the front of the knee, with a further allowance made for movement 2.15 seat backrest height to establish this dimension, two measurements are needed: a) the minimum lower boundary; b) the maximum upper boundary. 3 General 3.1 Basic elements Office furniture exists to enable people to carry out their work efficiently. To achieve this objective the furniture has to be able to cope adequately with two variables: a) it should accommodate the range of tasks in a particular job and the equipment associated with those tasks; b) it should accommodate, comfortably and safely, all people who are likely to use the furniture on a regular basis. These two apparently obvious, but often overlooked, statements immediately identify the design, purchase and use of office furniture as an interaction between the following. The skills required in good office furniture design, therefore, involve the matching of the needs of a range of tasks with the r… The extent to which furniture provides a good match between the people and their work should always be the primary consideration… There is a need to involve actual or potential users at all stages in the design and purchase of office equipment. 3.2 Importance of comfort The significance of comfort for efficiency is often underestimated. There are many well-documented examples which show the value of expenditure on carefully chosen furniture (to improve the working comfort of office staff) on improving overall business efficiency. The returns can be seen in four areas: a) direct improvement in efficiency, in terms of both output and error reduction arising from reduced fatigue; b) increase in general well-being, thereby reducing absenteeism and short periods of sickness absence; c) reduction in the probability of the incidence of certain prescribed industrial diseases associated with some forms of office … d) improved morale and general job satisfaction and, thereby, reduced labour turnover, in addition to the benefits of a more motivated workforce.
7	Although the emphasis has been placed on the returns to the employer, who will have to finance any improved provision, each of t… Improving the comfort of the office worker is therefore an important goal for all those involved in design, provision and use of office furniture. As a high proportion of office work is sedentary, the factors which govern comfort are those primarily concerned with the seated… 3.3 Good seated posture The three most important considerations in the pursuit of good seated posture are as follows. a) The working arrangement should impose the minimal static loading on the joints and muscles of the body, as this type of load is particularly fatiguing. b) The working position should allow the posture to be varied at will by the person during his/her work. c) The range of postures that can be adopted should not be artificially constrained by the furniture or equipment used. At work, seated office workers are in direct contact with their environment in three places: the floor; the seat; and the desk (… Incorrect adjustment of one element will also interact with the other factors, e.g. too low a seat height will also tend to raise the required hand position thus increasing the load placed on the shoulder and arms. More details of the critical dimensions to ensure good posture are given in sections 2 and 3. It should, however, be remembered … In many modern office tasks, the eye position is also an important factor in addition to the points of physical contact. For exa… 3.4 Tasks and equipment (and the application of task analysis) 3.4.1 Task analysis Before the designer makes any irrevocable design decisions, or the purchaser seriously considers any choice from the wide range … The task analysis should include consideration of: a) the major tasks within the job, all the associated equipment and their relative frequency and duration of use; b) the inter-relationship between tasks, e.g. is there a need for access to a visual display terminal (VDT) while answering the telephone; c) visual attention areas, e.g. traditional office tasks based primarily on writing on a desk need different consideration to the more recently introduced tasks involving regular use of a VDT screen; d) the position and use of hands in the tasks to be carried out. This can be particularly important, e.g. the best height of the keyboard will be lower than that obtained by simply placing it on a conventional desk;
8	e) the availability, size and frequency of use of support equipment and documentation. A workplace which is perhaps adequate mos… The importance of a detailed task analysis will vary with the complexity of the job, the variety of tasks and the range of equip… 3.4.2 People People vary in size and shape. Moreover they vary in quite complex ways, e.g. two people of the same height may have a quite mar… In extreme circumstances, however, it may be necessary to tailor solutions to individual needs. In order to define the range of adjustment and/or flexibility of layout required to accommodate the workforce, it is necessary to have information on body size and shape. The main source of information on body dimensions is in the form of anthropometric tables. The definition of the range of the population covered by the tables is usually given in the form of percentiles. A percentile is… In order to ensure that there is adequate consideration of the variation in the size of the people, it is necessary first to kno… The designer will, of course, need to go further using anthropometric tables to derive the actual dimensions suitable for the po… Particular attention should be paid to users and user groups with special needs, e.g. disabled people, pregnant women. 3.4.3 Furniture The knowledge gained from an understanding of the tasks (see 3.4.1) and people (see 3.4.2) can be applied, together with the general principles of good posture (see 3.3), to provide the criteria for good furniture design. The primary criterion should always be that the furniture aids the workers to complete their tasks easily and comfortably. Other considerations, often associated with the choice of furniture, e.g. cost or status, should always be secondary. An invoice clerk in a modern, computer-based operation, for example, could well need the following to be located on his/her desk: a) VDT and keyboard; b) A3 computer print-out records; c) A4 files of correspondence; d) internal and external telephones; e) note pad and writing space; f) files on customer/supplier information (addresses, telephone numbers); g) code listings; h) source files of procedural updates, etc.
9	In contrast, a senior manager may need no more than two or three telephones, space to write and perhaps a VDT for occasional use… In designing or purchasing office furniture the comfort of the user should always be the paramount consideration. Office furniture should be an aid to good posture rather than a constraint upon it. A: 5 percentile B: 95 percentile C: 50 percentile Figure 1 – Gaussian (normal) curve
10	Section 2. Guidelines for purchasers 4 General The objective of section 2 is to highlight factors which need to be considered by those involved in purchasing and selecting off… At its simplest, most office work requires a work surface, chair and storage. A basic task might involve mainly writing on a work surface Figure 2 shows an example of a typical posture resulting from the interaction of the task with the workplace. It is clear that such a posture does not necessarily satisfy the general principles of good posture as stated in 3.3. When a tas… The basic principle which underpins workplace design is that equipment and furniture should not cause musculo-skeletal discomfor… Ideally, the selection and purchase of office furniture should be based on a systematic assessment both of the tasks to be carri… An ideal approach for the selection and purchase of office furniture is suggested in Appendix A. 5 Defining task requirements The range of activities and jobs found in offices is likely to include: managerial, engineering design, computer programming and… Figure 2 – Common posture when writing
11	Table 1 – Typical task component requirements in relation to office jobs Typing and data entry operation Clerical Managerial Computer programming and analysis Engineering design Conventional draughting Computer aided design L/M M/H L/M M/H M H/L H/L H M/H M M/H H L/M L/M H L/M L H M L H L M H L/M M/H L L L M H M M/H L/M L/M L L H L L L L H: High level of requirement; M: Medium level of requirement; L: Low level of requirement. 6 Relating furniture to workplace requirements 6.1 The influence of the task Examining each of the task components described in clause 5 will enable workplace and equipment requirements to be identified. U… This approach can be extended in order to relate workers’ task requirements to body postures, and examine these interactions with other office equipment, environmental factors and personal factors (see Table 2). During a work period the task components will vary. Examining them in relation to each other and in relation to the factors in T… Where there is frequent egress from a workstation, for example, the width of the knee recess increases in importance as does the… The task, environmental factors and personal factors may require different treatment even when the jobs appear similar. One such…
12	Table 2 – List of task characteristics, environmental and personal factors Frequency of egress Visibility requirements Dominant working posture Upper trunk movement Upper limb movement Movement across work-stations Support for limbs Integral writing surface Humidity Ventilation Lighting and visual environment Noise Floor surface finish Workspace available Compatibility with other equipment Stacking requirements Co-ordination with surroundings General cleanliness Clothing worn Footwear worn Job status Age Health In Figure 3(a) the result of the layout is a tendency for the typist’s neck to be tilted to one side to read the source document… Figure 3(b) shows an alternative layout which is more suited to the task, i.e. copy-typing from the source document while checki… In terms of overall workstation design, the basic principle is to concentrate on bringing the eyepoint and hands to a position which suits the majority of users for the dominant and/or majority of tasks. 6.2 Seating In offices, seats are normally a part of a larger workstation and are most frequently used in conjunction with a desk-type work … In many offices, smaller workers often have to raise the seat to beyond the optimum height from the floor for feet to be support…
13	7 User trials 7.1 General It is good practice to involve a range of potential users in user trials as early as possible in the procurement process. The objective is to assess whether there are any potential postural problems associated with the selected equipment and furniture. It is preferable to ensure that a range of body sizes is included in the sample, that those involved are carrying out the range … 7.2 Assessing feedback from users The systematic determination of users’ feelings about the layout of their workplace provides a means of identifying not only the…
14	Figure 3 – Influence of desk layout on posture
15	1 Body seat height, i.e. underside of knee to floor (popliteal to floor height) 2 Seat length, i.e. buttock to underside of knee (buttock to popliteal length) 3 Hip width (width of bitrochanter) 4 Operator eye height, i.e. buttocks to eye height (sitting eye height or plane of vision to seat) (see note) 5 Body armrest height, i.e. buttock to elbow (underside) (elbow to seat height) 6 Shoulder height, i.e. buttock to shoulder (sitting shoulder height) (see note) 7 Desk height, i.e. maximum height of thigh added to body seat height 8 Armrest separation, i.e. elbow to elbow breadth Figure 4 – Main dimensions for seat/desk design
16	Section 3. Guidelines for designers 8 General The information in this section is presented to enable designers to meet the ergonomics requirements of people working in office… There are two general considerations in the provision of body support: firstly to minimize the mechanical loading on the spine, … Anthropometric data generally available for designers deal with standard user groups: but the working population includes user g… Postural diseases in which the spinal shape (lordosis/kyphosis and scoliosis) is slightly unusual, or where there are changes in… Although the three primary factors (the tasks, the people and the furniture) should always be considered as an interacting system, they are, for the sake of clarity, considered separately in clauses 9, 10 and 11. A suggested check list of stages in a design project is given in Appendix B. 9 Task analysis Enabling the body to perform a range of tasks comfortably while seated is the key to good office furniture design. What sort of tasks are there? At the most gross level, the tasks in office work can be broken down into two major groupings: a) traditional office work, characterized by reading, writing, typing and person-to-person conversations; b) high technology office work, characterized by the use of computers in relation to some or all of the work undertaken, i.e. involving person-machine conversations. Almost without exception, jobs can exist under either heading; however, their requirements are very different. It is essential t… The high technology jobs vary from traditional work with occasional computer use to almost full-time computer usage. The general types of high technology office jobs are as follows. 1) Data entry: more or less continuous input of information via the keyboard. Eyes are mainly focused on the source documents, keyboard input is usually with the preferred hand only, with the other hand handling the source documents. 2) Data acquisition: using the computer to obtain information. Attention is directed to the screen with only occasional reference to the keyboard or source documents. A typical example would be directory enquiry staff on the telephone system. 3) Conversational tasks: highly interactive between the user and the computer, involving roughly half of the time in data entry … 4) Word processing: essentially a form of conversational task but with the input and acquisition forming large chunks, e.g. a long period of typing (keyboard) followed by a relatively long period of checking/editing (screen).
17	Figure 5 – Some awkard postures in auxiliary tasks in office work
18	It is apparent even from such brief descriptions that the demands of the job vary and that the furniture and workplace design should reflect these differences. Knowledge of the tasks involved in the type of office work, for which the furniture is being designed, is also crucial to ensuring adequate space provision. Some examples of the influence of tasks on furniture design and layout are given to provide a guide to the considerations necessary. A definitive listing is impossible as, inevitably, the factors involved, and in particular their priority, will vary. i) Tasks which are predominantly of the traditional office type will require different consideration to those involving new tech… ii) The variety of equipment used on the work surface obviously influences the size of surface required. It should be remembered… iii) The requirements for visual contact with other staff in the workplace and visual privacy need consideration, particularly in relation to modular workstations, system furniture, etc. The interactions between the various components in the workspace and the worker’s posture are complex. However, if both are syst… 10 People 10.1 General The users of office furniture come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Despite this, the designer needs to accommodate them comfor… 10.2 Considerations in the use of anthropometric data Anthropometric data are usually presented in the form of a statistical distribution known as the Gaussian (or Normal) distribution and is described in terms of percentiles. This distribution has a number of features which are particularly useful when considering the variability of a population. The g… Percentiles can be used to provide a quantitative basis on which to define the range to be accommodated in the design. In most instances the design boundaries are defined by the 5 % ile and the 95 % ile, thereby accommodating 90 % of the population. Except in extreme circumstances, attempting to accommodate a greater range than 90 % is not cost-effective. It is important to r… 10.3 Selecting an anthropometric data set When selecting anthropometric data sources, it is important to know how they have been derived and what factors govern their relevance to the required use. If the anthropometric data have been collected from a small number, e.g. a sample of less than 1 000, or a highly specific group…
19	Anthropometric data are usually separated into gender and age groups. This can be extremely useful if the design is specifically for use by a single sex group or for a specific age range. However, if this is not the case, the data from different groupings can sometimes be combined as shown in Figure 6. Most anthropometric data have been collected from nude, or near nude, subjects so some allowance needs to be made for clothing. … Table 3 – Selected allowances for use with anthropometric data (men) (women) Another allowance that is often found in anthropometric data is the slump factor. This is a correction made to the data collecte… 10.4 Use of selected anthropometric dimensions 10.4.1 General For the purposes of furniture design there are only a small number of external body dimensions of primary importance to be considered. Figure 4 shows the positions of these body dimensions. !text deleted” These dimensions are used in the following ways. 10.4.2 Body seat height (popliteal to floor height) (see 2.5) This dimension is important in ensuring comfort of the lower limb, avoiding pressure on the underside of the thigh caused by too… The range of body seat height adjustability needs to cater for the lower to the upper percentile of the population for which the… 10.4.3 Seat length (buttock to popliteal length) (see 2.6) This dimension is important both to ensure that the legs can be positioned without compression at the back of the knee and to enable the buttocks to be positioned to enable full use of the backrest. The back of the knee has relatively sensitive skin and little padding over the tendons and so the seat length should be slightly… 10.4.4 Hip width (width of bitrochanter) (see 2.7) Apart from the obvious need to ensure that a reasonable range of the population can get into and out of the chair easily, this d…
20	For Population B: 95 percentile = y1. Together, these constitute 5 % of combined population. To obtain an approximation to the range 5 percentile to 95 percentile for the combined population, it is possible to use the 10 percentile of A(x2) and the 90 percentile of B(y2). Figure 6 – Graph showing how to approximate ranges from combined populations Hip width is not the widest part of the body on the seat but is a commonly available dimension. Seat width should exceed the hip… 10.4.5 Operator eye height (sitting eye height or plane of vision to the seat) (see 2.8) This dimension is important to ensure that the visual elements of the task can be accommodated without undue load on the neck, s…
21	The operator eye height of the largest percentile can be used to determine the height of partition screens so that large people … 10.4.6 Body armrest height (elbow to seat height) (see 2.9) This dimension is important to allow the weight of the arms to be taken providing occasional relaxation, or to provide support for the arms when the hands need to operate suspended with no other support for extended periods. Body armrest height is related to the operator’s elbow position, table top thickness in conjunction with thigh height, and armre… 10.4.7 Body armrest length (trunk thickness or abdominal depth) (see 2.10) This dimension is important in maintaining the ability of the user to get as close as possible to the desk while maintaining the effective use of the backrest. Measuring the depth of the trunk or stomach regions of the body determines how close to the table the seat backrest can be for a… 10.4.8 Armrest separation (elbow to elbow breadth) (see 2.11) This dimension is relevant to ensuring that the armrest does offer a comfortable resting position for the arms without being too… As described in 10.4.6 this dimension should always be considered in conjunction with body armrest height as the two interact significantly. 10.4.9 Shoulder height (sitting shoulder height) (see 2.12) This dimension is relevant to maintaining the comfort of the upper body, and can be used, in conjunction with arm length, to define the position of a number of elements in the workstation. Shoulder height establishes an approximate shoulder height above the work surface. If the length of the arm is known, the should… 10.4.10 Seat to underside of desk (maximum height of thigh) (see 2.13) This dimension dictates the degree of movement, crucial to enable varied posture, available to the lower legs, determining, for … The anthropometric measurement which is of most use in defining this dimension is the maximum thickness of the thigh above the seat, although in this case it is, in itself, incomplete without an allowance for movement.
22	The thickness of the table surface is related to the difference between the elbow height above the seat and the maximum height o… 10.4.11 Kneehole depth (buttock to front of knee) (see 2.14) This dimension is significant in providing sufficient room to allow the user freedom to vary lower body posture and, if freedom of movement is to be provided, then an allowance beyond the minimum dimension is required. Kneehole depth is the minimum distance under the table surface that needs to be kept clear for the legs of large users. In this … 10.4.12 Seat backrest height (buttock height above seat level and height of the bottom corner of the scapula) (see 2.15) The height of the backrest of the seat needs to be defined to ensure adequate support for the back and an acceptable curvature t… a) The buttock height above seat level, which indicates where the solid mass of the pelvic bones ends and the flexible portion of the spinal column starts. This dimension should be used to provide room for the buttocks in backrest design. b) The height of the bottom corner of the scapula which indicates the position of the shoulder blade. To prevent the seat backre… 11 Furniture There are differences in the relative importance of ergonomics issues associated with the use of conventional and of system type… The interactions between seat and work surface differ if the seat is not adjustable. Fixed height seats are best if they are hig…
23	12 Ergonomic design The core features of the ergonomic design arise from the need to accommodate a suitable range of the population with the minimum… a) What population range should be accepted and why? How much of any disadvantaged group will find their way into that range and how much adaptation to cope with the others would be acceptable? b) What are the task-dependent features for this design? c) Optional features like armrests and cable ducting and mechanisms for adjustment of seat and surface are proposed and clashes again identified. 13 Design trials Design trials, where the opinions of users are collected formally, can rapidly identify problems that the furniture may be causi… Formal systems could take the form of a product evaluation checklist with subjective rating scales. Combined with knowledge of t… Establishing a subject pool for design trials is worthy of consideration. A large sample of individuals is not needed provided t…
25	Publication(s) referred to !BS EN 527-1, Office furniture – Work tables and desks – Part 1: Dimensions. BS EN 1335-1, Office furniture – Office work chair – Part 1: Dimensions – Determination of dimensions. BS EN ISO 9241-5, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) – Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements”.
26	BS 3044:1990 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI – British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an ina… BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)20 89… In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested. Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical… Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase pri… Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards Online can be found at http://www.bsi-global.com/bsonline. Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at http:// www.bsi-global.com. Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international st… This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size,… Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553. Email: [email protected].

Additional information

Status	Confirmed
Pages	26
Publication Date	2005-12-21
ISBN	0 580 18617 2
Standard Number	BS 3044:1990
Title	Guide to ergonomics principles in the design and selection of office furniture
Replaces	BS 3044:1958
Descriptors	Ergonomics, Selection, Design, Furniture, Physiological effects (human body), Anthropometric characteristics, Product design, Office equipment, Office furniture
Publisher	BSI
Committee	PH/9
ICS Codes	97.140 - Furniture

Preview PDF


PDF Format	Searchable	Printable	Preview Now

BS 3044:1990:2005 Edition

PDF Catalog

Related products