FEMA P 2139 3 2020
$59.15
FEMA P-2139-3: Short-Period Building Collapse Performance and Recommendations for Improving Seismic Design Volume 3 – Study of One-to-Four Story Special Reinforced Masonry Shear Wall Buildings
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| FEMA | 2020 | 266 |
None
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | FEMA P-2139-3 |
| 3 | Short-Period Building Collapse Performance and Recommendations for Improving Seismic Design, Volume 3 – Study of One-to-Four Story Special Reinforced Masonry Shear Wall Buildings |
| 5 | Foreword |
| 7 | Preface |
| 9 | Table of Contents |
| 13 | List of Figures |
| 27 | List of Tables |
| 31 | Chapter 1: Introduction |
| 32 | 1.1 Background and Purpose |
| 35 | 1.2 Approach and Scope |
| 40 | 1.3 Organization and Content |
| 43 | Chapter 2: Observed Response and Performance Benchmarks 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Observed Damage and Collapse of Modern Short-Period Reinforced Masonry Buildings in Past Earthquakes |
| 44 | 2.2.1 Reinforced Masonry Building Damage in the 1987 Whittier Earthquake 2.2.2 Reinforced Masonry Building Damage in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake |
| 47 | 2.2.3 Reinforced Masonry Building Damage in the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake 2.3 Observed Performance in Shake-Table Tests |
| 48 | 2.4 Collapse Failure Modes and Target Collapse Rates of Reinforced Masonry Buildings |
| 49 | Chapter 3: Development of Building Archetype Configurations and Designs 3.1 Introduction |
| 50 | 3.2 Factors Influencing Building Performance 3.2.1 Seismic Design Level 3.2.2 Occupancy and Architectural Influence on Structure Configuration |
| 51 | 3.2.3 Reinforced Masonry Design and Construction Practice |
| 53 | 3.2.4 Site Class and Foundation Systems 3.2.5 Architectural and Nonstructural Components |
| 54 | 3.2.6 Behavior of Reinforced Masonry Walls under Seismic Loads 3.3 Building Type Considerations for Development of Archetypes 3.3.1 FEMA Model Building Types |
| 57 | 3.3.2 Building Occupancy |
| 59 | 3.3.3 Commercial Buildings (COM) 3.3.4 Multi-Family Residential and Hotel Buildings (RES) |
| 60 | 3.3.5 Retail, Industrial, and Warehouse Buildings (BOX) |
| 61 | 3.4 Archetype Design Criteria and Configurations 3.4.1 Applicable Codes and Standards 3.4.2 Gravity Loads 3.4.3 Seismic Loads and Design Criteria |
| 63 | 3.4.4 Foundation Design Criteria 3.4.5 Archetype Height 3.5 Commercial Building Archetypes (COM) |
| 65 | 3.5.1 Commercial Building Parametric Designs 3.6 Multi-Family Residential Archetypes (RES) |
| 66 | 3.7 Retail, Industrial, and Warehouse Archetypes (BOX) |
| 69 | Chapter 4: Numerical Modeling for Parametric Studies 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Background and Modeling Methods 4.2.1 Behavior of Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls |
| 72 | 4.2.2 Overview of Modeling Methods |
| 73 | 4.2.3 Adopted Modeling Approach |
| 74 | 4.3 Refined Finite-Element Modeling 4.3.1 Overview of Modeling Approach |
| 75 | 4.3.2 Detailed Modeling of Reinforced Masonry Walls |
| 76 | 4.3.3 Smeared-Crack Shell Elements |
| 78 | 4.3.4 Cohesive-Crack Interface Elements |
| 79 | 4.3.5 Beam Elements for Steel Reinforcement 4.3.6 Bond-Slip and Dowel-Action Interface Elements |
| 82 | 4.3.7 Element Removal Scheme 4.3.8 Calibration and Validation with Experimental Data |
| 83 | Quasi-Static Wall Segment Tests |
| 86 | Shake-Table Test of a Two-Story Building Shake-Table Test of a Wall Structure to Near Collapse |
| 88 | 4.4 Overview of Archetypes Considered for Parametric Studies |
| 89 | 4.5 Refined Finite-Element Models for the Archetypes |
| 91 | 4.5.1 Modeling of Horizontal Diaphragms |
| 94 | 4.5.2 Calibration of Material Models |
| 95 | 4.5.3 Pushover Analyses of Archetype Models 4.5.4 Eigenvalue Analyses of Archetype Models |
| 97 | 4.5.5 Response-History Analyses of Archetype Models |
| 99 | 4.6 Simplified Frame Models used for Parametric Studies 4.6.1 Model Description |
| 101 | 4.6.2 Model Calibration |
| 103 | 4.6.3 Pushover Analyses of Baseline Models |
| 104 | 4.6.4 Eigenvalue Analyses of Baseline Models |
| 105 | 4.7 Overview of Parametric Studies |
| 106 | 4.7.1 Baseline Configuration Parametric Study 4.7.2 Displacement Capacity Parametric Study |
| 107 | 4.7.3 Soil-Structure Interaction and Foundation Flexibility Parametric Study Special Modeling for SSI and Foundation Flexibility Analyses |
| 109 | 4.8 Incremental Dynamic Analyses and Peak Response Values |
| 115 | Chapter 5: Numerical Results of Parametric Studies 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Baseline Configuration Parametric Study 5.2.1 Pushover and Incremental Dynamic Analyses |
| 121 | 5.2.2 Factors Influencing Probability of Collapse |
| 124 | 5.3 Displacement Capacity Parametric Study |
| 129 | 5.4 Soil-Structure Interaction and Foundation Flexibility Parametric Study |
| 137 | Chapter 6: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Key Findings of the Parametric Studies |
| 138 | 6.2.1 Baseline Configuration Parametric Study |
| 141 | 6.2.2 Displacement Capacity Parametric Study |
| 144 | 6.2.3 Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) and Foundation Flexibility Parametric Study |
| 146 | 6.3 Conclusions and Recommendations |
| 147 | 6.3.1 Comparison with Prior FEMA P-695 Collapse Probability Studies |
| 150 | 6.3.2 Recommendations for Improved Seismic Design Codes and Standards |
| 152 | 6.3.3 Recommendations for Advanced Seismic Design and Analysis Practices |
| 154 | 6.3.4 Recommendations for Enhanced Modeling and Testing |
| 155 | 6.3.4.1 Recommendations for Modeling |
| 159 | 6.3.4.2 Recommendations for Experimental Studies |
| 161 | Appendix A: Archetype Design Criteria and Details A.1 Introduction A.2 Design Criteria A.2.1 Codes A.2.2 Materials |
| 162 | A.2.3 Site-Specific Design Criteria A.2.4 Gravity Loads |
| 163 | A.2.5 Design Periods of Vibration |
| 164 | A.2.6 Seismic Design Criteria |
| 165 | A.2.7 Archetype Configurations |
| 166 | A.3 Commercial Buildings (COM) A.3.1 Structural Plans: Commercial Buildings |
| 169 | A.3.1.1 Single-Story Commercial Building Plans (COM1, COM4, COM7) |
| 170 | A.3.1.2 Two-Story Commercial Building Plans (COM2, COM5, COM8) |
| 172 | A.3.1.3 Four-Story Commercial Building Plans (COM3) |
| 173 | A.3.1.4 Four-Story Commercial Building Plans (COM6) |
| 175 | A.3.2 Structural Elevations: Commercial Buildings A.3.2.1 Single-Story Commercial Building Elevations (COM1, COM4, COM7) A.3.2.2 Two-Story Commercial Building Elevations (COM2) |
| 176 | A.3.2.3 Two-Story Commercial Building Elevations (COM5) |
| 177 | A.3.2.4 Two-Story Commercial Building Elevations (COM8) A.3.2.5 Four-Story Commercial Building Elevations (COM3) |
| 178 | A.3.2.6 Four-Story Commercial Building Elevations (COM6) |
| 179 | A.3.2.7 Four-Story Commercial Building Elevations (COM9) |
| 180 | A.3.3 Structural Details: Commercial Buildings A.3.3.1 Foundation Details |
| 182 | A.3.3.2 Framing Details |
| 185 | A.4 Multi-Family Residential and Hotel Buildings (RES) A.4.1 Structural Plans: Residential Buildings A.4.1.1 Four-Story Residential Building Plans (RES1, RES2, RES3) |
| 187 | A.4.2 Structural Elevations: Residential Buildings A.4.2.1 Four-Story Residential Building Elevations (RES1, RES3) |
| 188 | A.4.2.2 Four-Story Residential Building Elevations (RES 2) |
| 189 | A.4.3 Structural Details: Residential Buildings A.4.3.1 Foundation Details |
| 190 | A.4.3.2 Framing Details |
| 192 | A.5 Retail, Industrial, and Warehouse Buildings (BOX) A.5.1 Structural Plans: Box Buildings A.5.1.1 Building Plans (BOX1, BOX2, BOX3) |
| 193 | A.5.2 Structural Elevations: Box Buildings A.5.2.1 Building Elevations (BOX1) |
| 194 | A.5.2.2 Building Elevations (BOX2) |
| 195 | A.5.2.3 Building Elevations (BOX3) |
| 196 | A.5.3 Structural Details: Box Buildings A.5.3.1 Foundation Details |
| 197 | A.5.3.2 Framing Details |
| 199 | Appendix B: Response-History Analysis Results Obtained with Refined and Simplified Numerical Models |
| 200 | B.1 Archetype COM1 |
| 204 | B.2 Archetype COM2 |
| 210 | B.3 Archetype COM3 |
| 216 | B.4 Archetype COM4 |
| 220 | B.5 Archetype COM5 |
| 226 | B.6 Archetype COM6 |
| 233 | Appendix C: Development of Soil Springs, Soil Dampers, and Frequency-Modified Ground Motion Records for the SSI Parametric Study C.1 Introduction C.2 Background and Theory C.2.1 Inertial-Interaction Effects |
| 234 | C.2.2 Kinematic-Interaction Effects |
| 235 | C.3 Representative Field Sites C.3.1 Soft Site C.3.2 Stiff Site |
| 236 | C.4 Foundation Springs and Dampers C.4.1 Development of the Foundation Impedances |
| 241 | C.4.2 Spring and Damper Example Calculations |
| 245 | C.5 Frequency-Modified Ground Motion Records |
| 249 | Appendix D: Archive of Peak Response Calculations D.1 Peak Response Parameters Archived for Each Model |
| 251 | References |
| 261 | Project Participants Charles A. Kircher (Project Technical Director) |
| 266 | Back Cover |
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