{"id":244836,"date":"2024-10-19T16:05:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T16:05:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-628172015a12017\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T11:05:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T11:05:11","slug":"bs-en-628172015a12017","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-628172015a12017\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN 62817:2015+A1:2017"},"content":{"rendered":"

This International Standard is a design qualification standard applicable to solar trackers for photovoltaic systems, but may be used for trackers in other solar applications. The standard defines test procedures for both key components and for the complete tracker system. In some cases, test procedures describe methods to measure and\/or calculate parameters to be reported in the defined tracker specification sheet. In other cases, the test procedure results in a pass\/fail criterion.<\/p>\n

The objective of this design qualification standard is twofold.<\/p>\n

First, this standard ensures the user of the said tracker that parameters reported in the specification sheet were measured by consistent and accepted industry procedures. This provides customers with a sound basis for comparing and selecting a tracker appropriate to their specific needs. This standard provides industry-wide definitions and parameters for solar trackers. Each vendor can design, build, and specify the functionality and accuracy with uniform definition. This allows consistency in specifying the requirements for purchasing, comparing the products from different vendors, and verifying the quality of the products.<\/p>\n

Second, the tests with pass\/fail criteria are engineered with the purpose of separating tracker designs that are likely to have early failures from those designs that are sound and suitable for use as specified by the manufacturer. Mechanical and environmental testing in this standard is designed to gauge the tracker\u2019s ability to perform under varying operating conditions, as well as to survive extreme conditions. Mechanical testing is not intended to certify structural and foundational designs, because this type of certification is specific to local jurisdictions, soil types, and other local requirements.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n1 Scope and object
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n3 Terms and definitions
4 Specifications for solar trackers for PV applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\nTable 1 \u2013 Tracker specification template
\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n5 Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n6 Tracker definitions and taxonomy
6.1 General
6.2 Payload types
6.2.1 Standard photovoltaic (PV) module trackers
6.2.2 Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module trackers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n6.3 Rotational axes
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Single-axis trackers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n6.3.3 Dual-axis trackers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nFigures
\n
Figure 1 \u2013 Convention for elevation angle
\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n6.4 Actuation and control
6.4.1 Architecture
6.4.2 Drive train
6.4.3 Drive types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n6.5 Types of tracker control
6.5.1 Passive control
6.5.2 Active control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n6.5.3 Backtracking
6.6 Structural characteristics
6.6.1 Vertical supports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n6.6.2 Foundation types
6.6.3 Tracker positions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n6.6.4 Stow time
6.7 Energy consumption
6.7.1 Daily energy consumption
6.7.2 Stow energy consumption
6.8 External elements and interfaces
6.8.1 Foundation
6.8.2 Foundation interface
6.8.3 Payload <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n6.8.4 Payload interface
6.8.5 Payload mechanical interface
6.8.6 Payload electrical interface
6.8.7 Grounding interface
6.8.8 Installation effort
6.8.9 Control interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n6.9 Internal tolerances
6.9.1 Primary-axis tolerance
6.9.2 Secondary axis tolerance
6.9.3 Backlash
6.9.4 Stiffness
Figure 2 \u2013 Illustration of primary-axis tolerance for VPDAT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n6.10 Tracker system elements
6.10.1 Mechanical structure
6.10.2 Tracker controller
6.10.3 Sensors
6.11 Reliability terminology
6.11.1 General
6.11.2 Mean time between failures (MTBF) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n6.11.3 Mean time between critical failures (MTBCF)
6.11.4 Mean time to repair (MTTR)
6.12 Environmental conditions
6.12.1 Operating temperature range
6.12.2 Survival temperature range
6.12.3 Wind speed <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n6.12.4 Maximum wind during operation
6.12.5 Maximum wind during stow
6.12.6 Snow load
7 Tracker accuracy characterization
7.1 Overview
7.2 Pointing error (instantaneous) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n7.3 Measurement
7.3.1 Overview
7.3.2 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error
Figure 3 \u2013 General illustration of pointing error
Figure 4 \u2013 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n7.3.3 Calibration of pointing error measurement tool
7.4 Calculation of tracker accuracy
7.4.1 Overview
7.4.2 Data collection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n7.4.3 Data binning by wind speed <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n7.4.4 Data filtering
7.4.5 Data quantity
7.4.6 Accuracy calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n8 Tracker test procedures
8.1 Visual inspection
8.1.1 Purpose
8.1.2 Procedure
8.1.3 Requirements
Table 2 \u2013 Alternate tracking-accuracy reporting template <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n8.2 Functional validation tests
8.2.1 Purpose
8.2.2 Tracking limits verification
8.2.3 Hard limit switch operation
8.2.4 Automatic sun tracking after power outage and feedback sensor shadowing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n8.2.5 Manual operation
8.2.6 Emergency stop
8.2.7 Maintenance mode
8.2.8 Operational temperature range
8.2.9 Wind stow
8.3 Performance tests
8.3.1 Purpose
8.3.2 Daily energy and peak power consumption <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n8.3.3 Stow time and stow energy and power consumption
8.4 Mechanical testing
8.4.1 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n8.4.2 Control\/drive train pointing repeatability test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n8.4.3 Deflection under static load test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2013 Example measurement locations for structural deflection
Figure 6 \u2013 Load configurations while the payload is in the horizontal position
Figure 7 \u2013 Load configuration when the payload is in the vertical position <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n8.4.4 Torsional stiffness, mechanical drift, drive torque, and backlash testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2013 Moment load applied to an elevation axis
Figure 9 \u2013 Angular displacement versus applied torque to axis of rotation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n8.4.5 Moment testing under extreme wind loading
Figure 10 \u2013 Examples of characteristic length for (a) elevation torque, (b) azimuth torque <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nFigure 11 \u2013 Two configurations for extreme wind moment loading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n8.5 Environmental testing
8.5.1 Purpose
8.5.2 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n8.5.3 Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n8.6 Accelerated mechanical cycling
8.6.1 Purpose
8.6.2 Procedure
Figure 12 \u2013 Representation of a tracker\u2019s discrete-movement profile <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nFigure 13 \u2013 Representation of an accelerated discrete-movement profile for testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n8.6.3 Requirements
9 Design qualification testing specific to tracker electronic equipment
9.1 General purpose
9.2 Sequential testing for electronic components
9.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n9.2.2 Visual inspection of electronic components
Figure 14 \u2013 Test sequence for electronic components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n9.2.3 Functioning test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n9.2.4 Protection against dust, water, and foreign bodies (IP code)
9.2.5 Protection against mechanical impacts (IK code) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n9.2.6 Robustness of terminals test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n9.2.7 Surge immunity test
9.2.8 Shipping vibration test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n9.2.9 Shock test
9.2.10 UV test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n9.2.11 Thermal cycling test
Figure 15 \u2013 Electronic component thermal cycling test
\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n9.2.12 Humidity-freeze test
Figure 16 \u2013 Electronic component humidity-freeze test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n9.2.13 Damp heat
10 Additional optional accuracy calculations
10.1 Typical tracking accuracy range
10.2 Tracking error histogram <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n10.3 Percent of available irradiance as a function of pointing error
Figure 17 \u2013 Pointing-error frequency distribution for the entire test period
Figure 18 \u2013 Available irradiance as a function of pointing error <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nFigure 19 \u2013 Available irradiance as a function of pointing error with binning by wind speed <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Photovoltaic systems. Design qualification of solar trackers<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2018<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":244839,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-244836","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/244836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/244839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=244836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=244836"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=244836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}