This report presents information on the service-life prediction of new and existing concrete structures. This information is important to both the owner and the design professional. Important factors controlling the service life of concrete and methodologies for evaluating the condition of the existing concrete structures, including definitions of key physical properties, are also presented. Techniques for predicting the service life of concrete and the relationship between economics and the service life of structures are discussed. The examples provided discuss which service-life techniques are applied to concrete structures or structural components. Finally, needed developments are identified. Keywords: construction; corrosion; design; durability; rehabilitation; repair; service life.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 2<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 1\u2014 INTRODUCTION 1.1\u2014 Background <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 3<\/td>\n | 1.2\u2014Scope 1.3\u2014Document use CHAPTER 2\u2014 ENVIRONMENT, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS 2.1\u2014 Introduction 2.2\u2014Environmental considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | 2.2.1 Chemical attack 2.2.1.1 Leaching 2.2.1.2 Delayed ettringite formation 2.2.1.3 Sulfate attack <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | 2.2.1.4 Acid and base attack 2.2.1.5 Alkali-aggregate reactions 2.2.1.6 Steel reinforcement corrosion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | 2.2.1.7 Prestressing steel corrosion 2.2.2 Physical attack 2.2.2.1 Salt crystallization 2.2.2.2 Freezing-and-thawing attack 2.2.2.3 Abrasion, erosion, and cavitation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | 2.2.2.4 Thermal damage 2.2.3 Combined effects 2.3\u2014Design and structural loading considerations 2.3.1 Background on code development 2.3.2 Load and resistance factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 2.4\u2014Interaction of structural load and environmental effects 2.5\u2014Construction-related considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 2.5.1 Initial fabrication 2.5.1.1 Soil\/subgrade preparation and form placement 2.5.1.2 Steel reinforcement placement 2.5.1.3 Concrete batching, mixing, and delivery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 2.5.1.4 Concrete placement 2.5.2 Finishing and curing 2.5.3 Sequential construction 2.5.3.1 Shoring and reshoring 2.5.3.2 Joints CHAPTER 3\u2014 IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, CONDITION ASSESSMENT, AND REMAINING SERVICE LIFE 3.1\u2014 Introduction 3.2\u2014Evaluation of reinforced concrete aging or degradation effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 3.2.1 Concrete material systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 3.2.1.1 Nondestructive test methods 3.2.1.2 Destructive test methods 3.2.1.3 Mixture composition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 3.2.2 Steel reinforcing material systems 3.2.3 Anchorage embedments 3.3\u2014Condition, structural, and service-life assessments 3.3.1 Current condition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 3.3.2 Structural assessment 3.3.3 Service-life assessments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 3.4\u2014Inspection and maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 4\u2014 METHODS FOR PREDICTING THE SERVICE LIFE OF CONCRETE 4.1\u2014 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 4.2\u2014Approaches for predicting service life of new concrete 4.2.1 Predictions based on experience 4.2.2 Predictions based on comparison of performance 4.2.3 Accelerated testing 4.2.3.1 Approach 4.2.3.2 Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 4.2.4 Mathematical models 4.2.4.1 Model of corrosion of reinforcing steel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 4.2.4.2 Sulfate attack 4.2.4.3 Leaching <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 4.2.5 Stochastic methods 4.2.5.1 Reliability method 4.2.5.2 Combination of statistical and deterministic models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 4.3\u2014Prediction of remaining service life 4.3.1 Failure due to corrosion 4.3.1.1 Modeling approach 4.3.1.2 Corrosion measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 4.4\u2014Predictions based on extrapolations 4.5\u2014Summary CHAPTER 5\u2014 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 5.1\u2014 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 5.2\u2014Economic analysis methods 5.2.1 General 5.2.2 Methods 5.2.3 Uncertainty and risk 5.2.3.1 Approach 5.2.3.2 Stochastic processes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 5.2.3.3 Sensitivity 5.3\u2014Economic issues involving service life of concrete structures 5.3.1 New facility\u2014predicted service life of candidate alternatives 5.3.2 Replacement analysis 5.3.3 Break-even service life 5.3.4 Perpetual service (capitalized cost) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 6\u2014 EXAMPLES OF SERVICE-LIFE TECHNIQUES 6.1 Example I\u2014Relationship of amount of steel corrosion to time of concrete spalling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 6.2 Example II\u2014Comparison of competing degradation mechanisms to calculate remaining life <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 6.3 Example III\u2014Utilization of multiple input to calculate the life of a structure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 6.4 Example IV\u2014When to repair, when to rehabilitate 6.4.1 Methodology development <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 6.4.2 Application of the methodology 6.5 Example V\u2014Utilization of reaction rate to calculate the life of a sewer pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 6.6 Example VI\u2014Estimating service life and maintenance demands of a diaphragm wall exposed to saline groundwater 6.6.1 Time until steady-state moisture transport t1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 6.6.2 Time to reach the critical concentration at the reinforcement t2 6.6.3 Time until required repair t3 6.6.4 Service life estimate of walls 6.7 Example VII\u2014Application of time-dependent reliability concepts to a concrete slab and low-rise shear wall 6.7.1 Concrete slab <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 6.7.2 Concrete low-rise shear wall <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 7\u2014 ONGOING WORK AND NEEDED DEVELOPMENTS 7.1\u2014Introduction 7.2\u2014Designing for durability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 8\u2014 REFERENCES 8.1\u2014 Referenced standards and reports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 8.2\u2014Cited references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 365.1R-00: Service-Life Prediction<\/b><\/p>\n |