{"id":355361,"date":"2024-10-20T01:07:38","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T01:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-6461-31995\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T01:24:37","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T01:24:37","slug":"bsi-pd-6461-31995","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-6461-31995\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD 6461-3:1995"},"content":{"rendered":"
PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1<\/td>\n | PUBLISHED DOCUMENT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
2<\/td>\n | Committees responsible for this Published\ufffdDocument <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
3<\/td>\n | Contents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
9<\/td>\n | 0 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
10<\/td>\n | Recommendation INC-1 (1980) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
11<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Definitions 2.1 General metrological terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
12<\/td>\n | 2.2 The term \u201cuncertainty\u201d 2.3 Terms specific to this 2.3.1 standard uncertainty 2.3.2 type A evaluation (of uncertainty) 2.3.3 type B evaluation (of uncertainty) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
13<\/td>\n | 2.3.4 combined standard uncertainty 2.3.5 expanded uncertainty 2.3.6 coverage factor 3 Basic concepts 3.1 Measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
14<\/td>\n | 3.2 Errors, effects, and corrections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
15<\/td>\n | 3.3 Uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
16<\/td>\n | 3.4 Practical considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
17<\/td>\n | 4 Evaluating standard uncertainty 4.1 Modelling the measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
18<\/td>\n | 4.2 Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
20<\/td>\n | 4.3 Type uncertainty B evaluation of standard\ufffduncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
23<\/td>\n | Figure 1 – Graphical illustration of evaluating the standard uncertainty of an input quantity from repeated … <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
24<\/td>\n | 4.4 Graphical illustration of evaluating standard uncertainty Table 1 – Twenty repeated observations of the temperature <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
25<\/td>\n | Figure 2 – Graphical illustration of evaluating the standard uncertainty of an input quantity from an a prio… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
26<\/td>\n | 5 Determining combined standard uncertainty 5.1 Uncorrelated input quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
28<\/td>\n | 5.2 Correlated input quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
30<\/td>\n | 6 Determining expanded uncertainty 6.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
31<\/td>\n | 6.2 Expanded uncertainty 6.3 Choosing a coverage factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
32<\/td>\n | 7 Reporting uncertainty 7.1 General guidance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
33<\/td>\n | 7.2 Specific guidance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
35<\/td>\n | 8 Summary of procedure for evaluating and expressing uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
36<\/td>\n | Annex A Recommendations of Working Group and CIPM A.1 Recommendation INC-1 (1980) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
37<\/td>\n | A.2 Recommendation 1 (CI-1981) A.3 Recommendation 1 (CI-1986) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
38<\/td>\n | Annex B General metrological terms B.1 Source of definitions B.2 Definitions B.2.1 (measurable) quantity B.2.2 value (of a quantity) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
39<\/td>\n | B.2.3 true value (of a quantity) B.2.4 conventional true value (of a quantity) B.2.5 measurement B.2.6 principle of measurement B.2.7 method of measurement B.2.8 measurement procedure B.2.9 measurand <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
40<\/td>\n | B.2.10 influence quantity B.2.11 result of a measurement B.2.12 uncorrected result B.2.13 corrected result B.2.14 accuracy of measurement B.2.15 repeatability (of results of measurements) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
41<\/td>\n | B.2.16 reproducibility (of results of measurements) B.2.17 experimental standard deviation B.2.18 uncertainty (of measurement) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
42<\/td>\n | B.2.19 error (of measurement) B.2.20 relative error B.2.21 random error B.2.22 systematic error B.2.23 correction B.2.24 correction factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
43<\/td>\n | Annex C Basic statistical terms and concepts C.1 Source of definitions C.2 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
46<\/td>\n | C.3 Elaboration of terms and concepts C.3.1 Expectation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
47<\/td>\n | C.3.2 Variance C.3.3 Standard deviation C.3.4 Covariance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
48<\/td>\n | C.3.5 Covariance matrix C.3.6 Correlation coefficient C.3.7 Independence C.3.8 The t-distribution; Student\u2019s distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
49<\/td>\n | Annex D \u201cTrue\u201d value, error, and uncertainty D.1 The measurand D.2 The realized quantity D.3 The \u201ctrue\u201d value and the corrected value <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
50<\/td>\n | D.4 Error D.5 Uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
51<\/td>\n | D.6 Graphical representation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
52<\/td>\n | Figure D.1 – Graphical illustration of value, error, and uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
53<\/td>\n | Figure D.2 – Graphical illustration of values, error, and uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
54<\/td>\n | Annex E Motivation and basis for Recommendation INC-1 (1980) E.1 \u201cSafe,\u201d \u201crandom,\u201d and \u201csystematic\u201d E.2 Justification for realistic uncertainty evaluations E.3 Justification for treating all uncertainty components identically <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
57<\/td>\n | E.4 Standard deviations as measures of uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
59<\/td>\n | E.5 A comparison of two views of uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
60<\/td>\n | Annex F Practical guidance on evaluating uncertainty components F.1 Components evaluated from repeated observations: Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty F.1.1 Randomness and repeated observations F.1.2 Correlations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
62<\/td>\n | F.2 Components evaluated by other means: Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty F.2.1 The need for Type B evaluations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
63<\/td>\n | F.2.2 Mathematically determinate distributions F.2.3 Imported input values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
64<\/td>\n | F.2.4 Measured input values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
68<\/td>\n | F.2.5 Uncertainty of the method of measurement F.2.6 Uncertainty of the sample <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
69<\/td>\n | Annex G Degrees of freedom and levels of confidence G.1 Introduction Table G.1 – Value of the coverage factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
70<\/td>\n | G.2 Central Limit Theorem G.3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
72<\/td>\n | G.4 Effective degrees of freedom <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
73<\/td>\n | G.5 Other considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
74<\/td>\n | G.6 Summary and conclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
76<\/td>\n | Table G.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
77<\/td>\n | Annex H Examples H.1 End-gauge calibration H.1.1 The measurement problem H.1.2 Mathematical model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
78<\/td>\n | H.1.3 Contributory variances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
80<\/td>\n | Table H.1 – Summary of standard uncertainty components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
81<\/td>\n | H.1.4 Combined standard uncertainty H.1.5 Final result H.1.6 Expanded uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
82<\/td>\n | H.1.7 Second-order terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
83<\/td>\n | H.2 Simultaneous resistance and reactance measurement H.2.1 The measurement problem H.2.2 Mathematical model and data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
84<\/td>\n | H.2.3 Results: approach 1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
85<\/td>\n | Table H.2 – Values of the input quantities H.2.4 Results: approach 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
86<\/td>\n | Table H.3 – Calculated values of the output quantities Table H.4 – Calculated values of the output quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
87<\/td>\n | H.3 Calibration of a thermometer H.3.1 The measurement problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
88<\/td>\n | H.3.2 Least-squares fitting H.3.3 Calculation of results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
89<\/td>\n | H.3.4 Uncertainty of a predicted value <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
90<\/td>\n | H.3.5 Elimination of the correlation between the slope and intercept <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
91<\/td>\n | H.3.6 Other considerations H.4 Measurement of Activity H.4.1 The measurement problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
92<\/td>\n | Table H.7 – Counting data for determining the activity concentration of an unknown sample <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
93<\/td>\n | H.4.2 Analysis of data H.4.3 Calculation of final results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
94<\/td>\n | Table H.8 – Calculation of decay-corrected and background-corrected counting rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
96<\/td>\n | H.5 Analysis of variance H.5.1 The measurement problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
97<\/td>\n | Table 9 – Summary of voltage standard calibration data obtained on H.5.2 A numerical example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
100<\/td>\n | H.5.3 The role of ANOVA in measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
101<\/td>\n | H.6 Measurements on a reference scale: hardness H.6.1 The measurement problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
102<\/td>\n | H.6.2 Mathematical model H.6.3 Contributory variances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
103<\/td>\n | H.6.4 The combined standard uncertainty, <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
104<\/td>\n | Table 10 – Summary of data for determining the hardness of a sample block on the scale Rockwell C H.6.5 Numerical example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
105<\/td>\n | Annex J Glossary of principal symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
108<\/td>\n | Annex K Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
109<\/td>\n | Alphabetical index <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" General metrology – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM)<\/b><\/p>\n |