{"id":438068,"date":"2024-10-20T08:02:07","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T08:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-c37-99-2012\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T15:06:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T15:06:04","slug":"ieee-c37-99-2012","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-c37-99-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE C37.99-2012"},"content":{"rendered":"

Revision Standard – Active. This guide applies to the protection of shunt power capacitor banks and filter capacitor banks. Included are guidelines for reliable applications of protection methods intended for use in many shunt capacitor applications and designs. The guide does not include the protection of pole mounted capacitor banks on distribution circuits or capacitors connected to rotating machines.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nIEEE Std C37.99-2012 Front Cover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nTitle page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nNotice to users
Laws and regulations
Copyrights
Updating of IEEE documents
Errata <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nPatents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nParticipants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nIntroduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nContents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nImportant Notice
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n2. Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n3. Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n4. Basic considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4.1 Capacitor unit capabilities
4.2 Capacitor unit connections
4.2.1 Externally fused shunt capacitor banks
4.2.2 Internally fused shunt capacitor banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n4.2.3 Fuseless shunt capacitor banks
4.2.4 Unfused shunt capacitor banks
4.3 Capacitor bank design
4.3.1 Externally fused shunt capacitor banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n4.3.2 Internally fused shunt capacitor banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n4.3.3 Fuseless shunt capacitor banks
4.3.4 Unfused shunt capacitor banks
4.4 Overvoltage on remaining capacitor units
4.4.1 Externally fused shunt capacitor banks
4.4.2 Internally fused shunt capacitor banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n4.4.3 Fuseless shunt capacitor banks
4.4.4 Unfused shunt capacitor banks
5. Bank connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n5.1 Grounded wye\u2013connected banks
5.1.1 One unit phase to ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n5.1.2 Multiple units in series phase to ground\u2014single wye
5.1.3 Multiple units in series phase to ground\u2014double wye
5.2 Ungrounded wye\u2014connected banks
5.2.1 One unit phase to neutral <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n5.2.2 Multiple units in series phase to neutral\u2014single wye
5.2.3 Multiple units in series phase to neutral\u2014double wye
5.3 Delta-connected banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5.4 H configuration
6. Other considerations
6.1 Bank grounding
6.2 Neutral grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n7. Introduction to bank and system protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n7.1 Bank protection
7.1.1 General fuse requirements (for banks with fuses)
7.1.2 External fuse selection and operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n7.1.3 Internal fuse operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n7.1.4 Capacitor unbalance protection
7.1.5 Protection for rack faults (arc-over within the capacitor rack) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n7.2 System protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n7.2.1 External arcing
7.2.2 Bank overvoltage protection
7.2.3 Overvoltage protection based on current measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n7.2.4 Bank overcurrent protection
7.2.5 Impedance-based protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n7.2.6 Loss of bus voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n7.2.7 Fusing for capacitor bank relaying
7.2.8 Capacitor bank breaker failure protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n7.2.9 Surge arrester protection
8. Unbalance relaying methods
8.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n8.2 Theory of unbalance protection methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n8.2.1 Phase voltage differential method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n8.2.2 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n8.2.3 Unbalance protection for banks grounded through a capacitor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n8.2.4 Unbalance protection method for bank grounded through a CT with resistive burden <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n8.2.5 Phase current unbalance protection method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n8.2.6 Neutral current unbalance protection method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n8.3 General unbalance relay considerations
8.3.1 Inherent bank unbalance, system unbalance, and other sources of error <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n8.3.2 Undetectable failure modes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n8.3.3 Capacitor bank failures with ambiguous indication <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n8.3.4 Unbalance trip relay considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n8.3.5 Unbalance alarm relay considerations
8.3.6 Comments on various protection schemes
8.3.6.1 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method
8.3.6.1.1 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method for ungrounded wye banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n8.3.6.1.2 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method for grounded wye banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n8.3.6.1.3 Neutral voltage unbalance protection method for ungrounded double-wye banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n8.3.6.2 Neutral current unbalance protection method for double-wye banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n8.3.6.3 Voltage differential protection method for grounded-wye banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n8.3.6.4 Voltage differential protection in split wye grounded fuseless bank <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n8.3.6.5 Phase current unbalance method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n8.3.7 Very large capacitor banks
8.3.8 Protection of unbalance relays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n8.3.9 Current transformers of unbalance relaying
8.4 Externally fused capacitor banks
8.4.1 General considerations
8.4.2 Using the calculated values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n8.4.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n8.4.4 Unbalance calculations\u2014wye, delta, single, and double banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n8.4.5 Unbalance calculations\u2014tap voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n8.4.6 Unbalance calculation\u2014H-bridge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\n8.5 Internally fused capacitor banks
8.5.1 General considerations
8.5.2 Using the calculated values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n8.5.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n8.5.4 Unbalance calculations\u2014wye, delta, and single-phase banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n8.5.5 Unbalance calculations\u2014H-bridge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\n8.5.6 Unbalance calculations\u2014(midpoint) tap <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n8.6 Fuseless capacitor banks
8.6.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n8.6.2 Using the calculated values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\n8.6.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\n8.6.4 Unbalance calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n8.7 Unfused capacitor banks
8.7.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\n8.7.2 Using the calculated values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n8.7.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n8.7.4 Unbalance calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\n9. Protection of capacitor filter banks
9.1 Filter bank protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n9.1.1 Overcurrent and overload protection
9.1.2 Ground fault protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n9.1.3 Resistor overload protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n9.1.4 Overvoltage protection
9.1.5 Capacitor unbalance protection
9.2 Multifrequency harmonic filter protection considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\n9.3 Static var compensator (SVC) capacitor protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\n9.4 SVC filter protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\n10. Capacitor bank equipment considerations
10.1 Capacitor bank switching devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\n10.2 Inrush control devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\n10.3 Surge arresters
10.4 Voltage-sensing devices
10.5 Current-sensing devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\n10.6 Transient currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\n10.6.1 Surge protection for current transformers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\n10.6.2 Surge protection of voltage transformer, capacitor-coupled voltage transformers, and resistance potential devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\n10.6.3 Surge protections of relay systems associated with capacitor banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\n10.7 Control cables
11. System considerations
11.1 Resonance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\n11.2 Harmonics
11.3 Telephone interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\n12. Commissioning, operation, and maintenance
12.1 Preparation for initial energizing
12.1.1 Visual and switching device inspection
12.1.2 Capacitance testing
12.1.3 Relay protection testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\n12.1.4 Special recording
12.1.5 Initial energization
12.1.6 Additional tests (optional) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n12.2 Response to alarm or lockout (trip)
12.2.1 Oscillographic records
12.2.2 Inspection (after deenergization)
12.2.3 Testing
12.2.4 Capacitor unit removal and replacement
12.2.5 Returning bank to service after lockout
12.2.6 Servicing bank following alarm condition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\n13. Microprocessor-based control and protection schemes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Symbol de\ufb01nition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Equations for effect of inherent unbalances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Inrush current and frequency during capacitor bank switching
D.1 Energizing an isolated bank with no previous charge
D.2 Energizing a bank with another on the same bus with no charge on the bank being switched <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\nD.3 Typical values of inductance between capacitor banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) Unbalance relay setting examples
E.1 Grounded wye externally fused bank
E.1.1 Technical data\/ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nE.1.2 Unbalance calculations (8.4.4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\nE.2 Ungrounded wye externally fused bank <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\nE.3 Grounded wye\u2014fuseless bank <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\nE.4 Undergrounded wye fuseless bank <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Guide for the Protection of Shunt Capacitor Banks<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2012<\/td>\n151<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":438077,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-438068","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/438068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/438077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=438068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=438068"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=438068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}